History and Treatment Recommendations of a Substance Abusing Individual Essay Example for Free

History and Treatment Recommendations of a Substance Abusing Individual EssayChemical Use Assessment/History and Treatment Recommendations Upon awake review of Jay Ws case study, a client who is potentiall(a)y suffering from a contentedness abuse disorder, it is deemed indispensable to examine his history, compose a chemical use assessment, and devise a recommended treatment plan that result determine his clinical take. Upon assessing the client, it is vital that he be examined holistically for better recovery results. Considering his spiritual, genetic, and psychosocial conditions go away help to ensure a more accurate analysis of his current situation. Only then can it be determined if Jay W is in use, abuse, or an eggive cycle. Reason for AssessmentDuring the case study of Jay W. it is noted that he was referred to my office by his parents for a clinical assessment. Once a commendable school- while child with excellent grades, his grades began to dwindle after reachi ng college. He eventually failed his prime(prenominal) year of college as a result of his poor grades. Jays parents Don W. who is a neurosurgeon and his fuss Beth W. who is a research scientist, is seeking help for their son because they are concerned that his heavy drink is the cause of his flunking. They believe that if he does not get help, it could very well damage his future goals of becoming a chemical engineer. Sources of InformationDuring the verbal intake of Jay W.s case, his father Don W. and his mother Beth W. were present along with Jay W., to entrust all of the details of his need for assessment. Secondary sources that has been narrowly reviewed and used in making a determination includes, Doweiko, H. E. (2012). Concepts of chemical dependance (8th ed.). Belmont, CA Brooks/Cole. May, G. G. (1991). Addiction grace Love and spirituality in the healing of dependences. New York HarperOne, Clinton, T., Hawkins, R. (2009). The quick-referenceguide to biblical counseli ng Personal and emotional cuts. shocking Rapids, MI baker Books. Hawkins, R. (2009). Theology and Addiction www.libertyuniversity.edu, Clinton, T. (2009). Addiction and Recovery www.libertyuniversity.edu.Background InformationJay W. was born May 2, 1994, to Don and Beth W. The pregnancy was reportedly normal with no complications to the labor and de riflery. Jay W. met all his developmental milest cardinals early and was described as an advanced baby. Jay reportedly excelled in school with needing very little effort to maintain a straight-A report card, even in the gifted and talented program. The current school year, he flunked give away of his first year in college. His parents are concerned just most his swallow and how it appears to be interfering with his aspirations of universe a chemical engineer. He states that he does not believe his drinking is the issue with his grades in college. Instead he assumes that boredom is the sole reason that his grades are failing. He a lso adds that his professors do not really know as much as they think they do. He even admits some ms he just does not feel like going to class because it is dumb. As stated by his parents, Jay began drinking at the age of 12 years old.He totaled his first vehicle two weeks after his sixteenth birthday. Jay lost his drivers license at that time and was charged with a DUI. Shortly after, Jay and both(prenominal) of his parents began attending AA together, but Jay dropped out after 3 months. Jay states he stopped going because, all they talk about is war stories. Jay does admit to blackouts, drinking more than he intends to, and does seem to recognize that more of his friends cause con intrinsic drinking patterns as he. He also reports a recent break up with his girlfriend of 2 years. He states he truly loves this girl, but she broke up with him because she doesnt like my friends. He reports outgo an average of $75 a week on beer, and his money does not always last until the end of the month. He attributes that to his parents not giving him enough money. He states they only when give him $1,000 a month. Jay states he is willing to bring to counseling but does not think he has a drinking problem, but he would like to figure out how to win his girlfriend arse. Current StatusOut of reluctance, Jay has decided to proceed with obtaining clinical treatment. He realizes that if he doesnt, his parents will no longer fund his college tuition. He also admits to currently drinking at least a 12 pack of beer on the weekends. He qualifies his actions by mentioning that his friends answers him with drinking the beer. He also does admit that his weekends sometimes start on Thursdays and dont end until Mondays. He states that he does not believe his drinking is the issue with his grades in college. He states he just gets bored in classes and his professors do not really know as much as they think they do. He states sometimes he just does not feel like going to class b ecause it is dumb. Jay does admit to blackouts, drinking more than he intends to, and does seem to recognize that many of his friends have similar drinking patterns as he. Indicators of Use/Abuse/DependencyAddiction can manifest in the form of obsessive or coercive behaviors. Overtime, over indulgence can cause a dependency to obtain more of the physical or chemical substance. Behaviors that can produce fear and/or excitement are factors that can lead to addictive behaviors (Doweiko, 2012). When at that place is an addiction, usually a manifestation of withdrawal symptoms will be evidenced when the source of addiction is absent. Abuse is usually evidenced when a substance is taken in disregard for directions or ones well- being (Doweiko, 2012). Attitudes and BehaviorAfter careful review of Jay W.s objective data found in his case study, it is apparent that Mr. W is in denial about his drinking problem. He appears indisposed to obtain treatment and is nonchalant in his attitude and behavior. He admittingly says he stopped attending AA because, all they talk about is war stories. Upon further prejudiced analysis, it seems that my client views his drinking with an everybody else is doing it mentality. This is evidenced by his reference to drinking as a typical teenage behavior as well as his command that his parents overreacted to his suspended license because he has several friends who has lost theirs also as if its a normal thing to do. He also seems to be haughty for his actions and constantly shifts blame on others for his current problems. He blames his parents for not giving him enough money kinda of focusing onthe fact that he is using up at least 75$ a week on beer. He also shifts the blame of his failing school on the inability of his professors to engage him cognitively and even claims that the classes are dumb. Jay W. appears saddened by the breakup with his girlfriend of 2 years and sincerely wants to win her back. As Dr. Clinton states in A ddictions and Recovery the tragedy of addiction is that is destroys, individuals, families, and friendships (2009). cordial FunctioningDrinking appears to be a social activity for Jay W. he states that his friends assist him with drinking the 12 pack case of beer that he usually buys on the weekend. He also has mentioned that several of his friends have lost their licenses, implying that it is also a result of obtaining DUIs. Jay goes even further by acknowledging the fact that many of his friends have similar drinking patterns as he does. Apparently his ex-girlfriend of two years had many complaints about the bad company that he was keeping. Jay doesnt take heed and loses her through with(predicate) a breakup instead. According to Doweiko, the consumption of alcohol can interfere with ones social relationships by making preexisting ones worse (2012). This is due to an adverse effect on judgment which causes a lack of control of ones behavior. Irritability, black outs, and lying a re only a few of the manifestations of alcohol addiction. The Psychosocial Models of Substance Use Disorders is another type of model of addiction. It is believed to be closely linked to the medical model (Doweko, 2012). It is proposed that addictions are conditioned behavior, poor psychosocial functioning, or the result of maladaptive thinking (Doiewko, 2012, p. 345), all in which are manifestations of a biological dysfunction. Occupational FunctioningJay W., although obviously an intelligent cuckoo (evidenced by his excellent grades in the gifted and talented program), has just flunked out of his first year of college. His future career goals are dwindling because of the negative choices that he is making. Booze and negative social relationships have become distractions that steered him off the path of success that he once embarked upon. A repetitive cycle of partying Thursday savings bank Monday and trying to maintain normalcy (crashing is also an option) Tuesday and Wednesday is ongoing. It is possible that he is traveling down the road ofaddiction. Those who are bound by abuse can live unfocused and disoriented lives. Over time, this can lead to divorce, job loss, and even the loss of child custody. Although drug abuse may be a one-time event, if one is not careful, the behavior can lead one down the path of addiction as in Jays case. It appears that he have a natural proclivity towards abuse and addiction because his father Don also had a drinking problem. Dr. Clinton tells us in the video presentation that some of the effects of addiction includes control problems, compulsiveness, narrowing focus, denial, tolerance and withdrawal (Clinton, 2009). We see many of these components in Jays occupational functioning. Financial AspectsWhen examining Jay Ws financial condition, it is obvious that he is mismanaging his money. His parents was giving him a 1,000 monthly stipend, and he blew at least $75 per week of it on beer. His excessive spending habits have created a deficit towards necessary items. Instead of accepting responsibility for misappropriating funds, he blames his parents for not giving him enough money. Alcohol abuse often tends to cause make financial problems worse or either create new ones. Sadly, not only the abuser can suffer financially, but oftentimes his or her immediate family suffers as well. This usually occurs when fiscal restrictions are placed on the abuser/addict to control his or her spending. This can force the abuser to start borrowing elsewhere, stealing and/or change others belongings to obtain money so that the addicted habit can be sustained (Doweko, 2012). Familial RelationshipsThe medical model of substance use disorders (SUD) have suggested that the dysfunction have occurred on either a cellular or molecular level and that one is biologically predisposed to alcoholism when he or she is exposed to certain environments (Doweko, 2012). Jay W. has been exposed to alcohol through his father Don who is a neurosurgeon. Jay perhaps saw how he was able to get drunk and that go to work and carry on a seemingly normal life. Don was described by his wife Beth as a functional alcoholic, displaying let loose drinking patterns and binge drinking when he was not on call. Jays parents seems to be very supportive of him though. His father was willing to give up drinking and both he and his wife joined AA along with Jay. Evenwhen he dropped out after 3 months, they continued going to both AA and Al-Anon. It also appears that Jay W. has a genetic predisposition of alcohol abuse/addiction. Both Beth and Don have fathers that were alcoholics. Various genes have been identified by researchers and believed to have an influence in predisposing individuals to substance use disorders. Jay W. familial relationship is starting to reveal the beginning stages of strain. He is claiming that they are overreacting and also accuses them of not giving them enough money. Often, family members of an alcohol a buser/addict report feelings of fear, shame, grief or other negative emotion when dealing with him or her (Doweiko, 2012). When the addict is confronted about their drinking behavior, conflict typically arises causing the familial relationship to be strained. Legal HistoryJay W is starting to have run ins with the equity. According to his parents, he totaled his vehicle two weeks after his 16th birthday. This incident caused the police to get involved. Jay inevitably was charged with a DUI and his drivers license was revoked. His buddies seem to have frequent encounters with law enforcement. Jay has started to defend his and his friends behaviors and suggest that its typical. Jay is destined to misunderstand the story he finds himself in (Clinton Hawkins, 2009) he has become irrational in his behaviors by accusing his parents of overreacting to his license being revoked. Health HistoryJay W. seems to have a pretty clean health history. Thus far, no incidents have been reported. Wh en he was born on May 2, 1991 there were no complications to the labor and delivery. He was considered very advanced for his age due to the fact that he had met all his developmental milestones early. Alcoholism can cause both short-term and long-term problems. Some of the short-term manifestations includes diarrhea, poor coordination and judgment, insomnia, as well as stomach problems (Doweiko, 2012). Some of the long-term problems includes liver problems, cirrhosis of the liver, mental disorders, malnutrition, impotence, among a host of others (Doweiko, 2012). Spiritual HistoryThe spiritual model of addiction assumes that addiction is derived from a sickness of ones spirit that has possibly manifested in a physical manner. It is mankinds way of searching for something to feel a void and escape pain and or discontentment that can often come with daily living (Doweiko, 2012). It is Jays first year in college. Its possible that he wants to fit in and gain the approval of his peers in stead of being a loner. Acceptance and the need to feel cool and included seems to have taken precedent over anything else. Its how he gains his identity. He gets involved with the defame group and starts being influenced by their deviant ways. Now, hes saddened by the fact that his girlfriend has broken up with him. He has also just flunked out of his first year of college. All of these rock-bottom experiences can easily trigger the addiction cycle. It is characterized by pain, hitting bottom, seeking relief, use or do, feeling good, crashing, cycles back to pain, and then tolerance. It is obvious that Jay W. is starting to undergo this cycle of addiction. Alcohols deceptive illusion of giving Jay control and euphoria keeps him on the wheel.Diagnostic ImpressionsFrom all that has been gleaned from Jay Ws case study, it is safe to say that he is at risk for developing a substance use disorder. He is clearly on his way of having a drinking problem. Although he is displaying early pr oblem alcohol usage if he is not careful, he could very well develop an addictive disorder. While evaluating Jay W to get a better diagnostic impression, it is necessary that I use the Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) rill on the client (Hawkins, 2009). This test is composed of three categories of assessment 1.) interpersonal or affective defects 2.) social deviance and 3.) additional items such as unstable relationships, etc (Hawkins, 2009). The PCL-R Test will proffer a better analysis of root causes of the clients delinquent acts as well as to help identify prevailing risk factors. By identifying these risk factors, intervention strategies can be developed to counteract these risk factors. The following are a list of dynamic risk factors that has been identified and needs addressing problem solving/impulsivitypoor social/family relationshipsantisocial associates/attitudesalcohol substance abuseRecommendationsBased on the risk factors identified, the following recommendati ons have been made for Jay W. difficulty solving/impulsivityHabitually, Jay W. will be expected to attend group therapy where he will learn to think through decisions before moving impulsively. He will be given various scenarios in which he will have to explain how he should handle those situations appropriately. Role-playing will be a part of his therapy. For example, instead of not going to class because they are boring, he can try to get in more advanced classes if they are available. It could be that hes bored because he is not being challenged enough. He will be expected to work through all possible options and their consequences before making a decision. Poor social/family relationshipsSince Jay W. ex-girlfriend seems to be a good influence on him, their relationship should be encouraged. A relationship coach will be provided to assist him with maintaining healthy relationships. Hopefully, if all goes well, he will do what it takes to win her back (hanging around more positiv e people). Antisocial associates/attitudesJay W. will have access to a mentor who will confront his antisocial behaviors and attitudes and challenging him to participate in healthy functions and associating with positive people. The mentor will do habitual check-ins with the client and provide one on one time when needed to help him work through his feelings. Alcohol AbuseFrequent alcohol tests will be conducted on the client. If at any point alcohol is found in his system, he will be required to attend an alcohol rehabilitation program. According to Dr. Hawkins, recovery is an inside out issue requiring the Holy Spirit (Hawkins, 2009). In order for Jay W to function optimally, his human will must act in project with divine will. (May, 1991, p.178). He needs to have a divine encounter with God so that he can know who he is through Christ. In Addiction and Grace it is stated that the alignment of our will with Gods must happen at a heart level (May,1991, p.178). Jay must first admit that he has a problem and needs help.ReferencesClinton, T. (2009). Addiction and Recovery www.libertyuniversity.edu. Clinton, T., Hawkins, R. (2009). The quick-reference guide to biblical counseling Personal and emotional issues. Grand Rapids, MI Baker Books. Doweiko, H. E. (2012). Concepts of chemical dependency (8th ed.). Belmont, CA Brooks/Cole. Hawkins, R. (2009). Theology and Addiction www.libertyuniversity.edu May, G. G. (1991). Addiction grace Love and spirituality in the healing of addictions. New York HarperOne,

The Renaissance and Humanism Essay Example for Free

The Renaissance and Humanism EssayThe middle ages were a clip of ignorance and lack of progress. The church had taken over the majority of power in the western world, and feudalism kept everyone in their place so that a era continue where the people of Europe made practically no progress. Humanism is the belief that a somebody has the power and duty to be the best person they can be. The middle ages could have stretched on loner, but due to the black plague exterminating a third of the population, social and economic needs changed. People that did not have much power could be lifted to a higher rank simply because so many upper class people had died. It almost seems like the men and women that survived the plague were proving to god and themselves that they deserve to be alive because they had something to contribute to the new dynamic climate of the renaissance. Humanism was the most important doctrine to the renaissance because it encouraged the kind of glorification of sel f that was needed to get out of the dark ages.A renaissance man was a humanist, but a humanist did not have to be a renaissance man. A renaissance man is a classic and very specific person. He must(prenominal) be trained in diverse skills and be good at all of them. Many higher-ranking men at this time accomplished be a renaissance man. Leonardo de Vinci was an Italian renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientists, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, botanist and writer. His genius, perhaps more than any other figure, epitomized the renaissance humanist ideal. Leonardo de Vinci practiced humanitarianism all his life and made many radical changes away from traditional western ways. His dissection of human bodies was the first time someone tried to understand the whole caboodle of man without any religion.Humanists like Leonardo do Vince caused conflict with religion because humanism spread through Italy and began effecting priests and other r eligious people. The humanist priests wanted to go back to the original holy texts, just to make sure what is being taught was really was needed to be taught. The focus on religion from the dark ages continued to the renaissance, after all. The great artists and writers were just using theirtalents to celebrate god. Michelangelo was the most influential artist of the renaissance. His countless influences on western art mostly drew from his taking into custody of the figure. Pre renaissance art was very stiff and declarative in its nature. Michelangelo focused on the perfection of the human figure, a very humanist statement in his artwork. Humanism affected all aspects of the renaissance from art to politics.Humanists believed that there was a standard of excellence that had to be achieved by mastering many different skills. The eventual(prenominal) humanist by that definition was Baldassare Castiglione. He was an Italian courtier, diplomat, soldier and a prominent author. His most influential writing was the Book of the Courtier it remains the definitive grievance of renaissance court life. Because of this it is considered one of the renaissances most important works. He described a humanist and a renaissance man that knew scarcely how to behave. The influence of this book caused an even bigger expansion of the renaissance.A sudden burst of intellectual and humanist light cut through the superstitious blur of the dark ages, and it was called the renaissance. Humanism started and drove this movement from within. A realization of the power of man, the intellectual expanse of religious philosophy, and the holiness of human beings each headed new ideas in western civilization.

Challenges Faced By Medical Laboratories Information Technology Essay

Ch anyenges Faced By Medical Laboratories Information Technology Essay healthc ar is always a top priority within any collection of individuals, whether it is the workforce, schools, churches, communities, states, countries etc. This is because mortality range are directly affected by the train of healthcare avai research lable, and effective productivity is dependent on good health and high mortality rates.Developed nations tend to invest large sums of money into healthcare, in order to prevent most ailments before they become epidemics, however, due to lack of emphasis on the importance of healthcare, Afri disregard nations suffer from low mortality rates caused by lack of good research lab procedures and equipment, to test and accurately diagnose problems ahead of time.Even though we are now in a highly advanced technological era, Nigerian hospitals still conduct tests, data collection, and calculations manu aloney, leaving a huge opening for errors which could lead to rail at diagnosis and in turn, wrong treatment.As we humans become ever increasingly dependent on computer technology in our daily lives, it then would be appropriate to hire technological solutions to problems conventional methods prove in efficacious at.These problems can be solved with the use of a comme il fautly configured software dodging to manage all administrative tasks in the laboratories.The most effective use of technology to solve to these issues would be carried out using open source software popularly know as a Laboratory Information System (L.I.M.S).The model of this work seeks to provide an application which will alter vital piecealities such as proper documentation and storage of forbearing information, patient specimen/sample tracking, and most serious, patient test results.In the light of the above, the proposed system applies the network application training approach in its information architecture and processing, however this system will run on a local ma chine as opposed to track on a remote server over the internet. Consequently at completion of this work, the end product should be a Laboratory information worry system which handles activities in the lab from the entry of a patient to the lab to the generating of a test result or Laboratory report.BACKGROUND OF STUDYThe scan for the increase of the laboratory information precaution system uses a checkup laboratory adeptness Bakor Medical laboratory as its case field of operation. investigatings indicate that the avocation steps or procedures are undertaken in the process of getting tested in the aesculapian checkup laboratory.On entry into the laboratory a document cognize as the Patient Investigation form. This form holds information such as the Patients name, age sex, on filling this form the patient is then billed.The patient Investigation form is then transferred to a second laboratory attendant who then uses the information retrieved from the aforementioned form to fill the laboratory request give-and-take.STATEMENT OF THE lineIn recent times, due to increase in population, on that point is constant pressure on providers of motley serve to provide innovative methods of dispensing a level-headed amount of services to great amount of people in the shortest possible time. Consequently, organizations are constantly resorting to technological solutions to meet up with the ever increasing direct for quality and speedy service delivery and with virtually everything in our day to day lives being technologically driven, should there not be a scenario where stem documentation is completely annihilated from medical laboratories?, where a system is adopted in which patient records and data are properly stored such as to enable features such as patient/visitor history tracker, where a returning patients history can assistance the laboratory in deducing what type of test a visitor would request for, statistical reports generation where useful st atistical information is inferred based on test results e.g whether or not there is an increase or decrease of new HIV infections, should there not be a software/application where early(a) stakeholders in the health-care delivery processes such as doctors and pharmacists live with access to laboratory generated information to aid in their health-care administration?, should the retrieval of patient test records be slow and cumbersome?, why must results be entered directly on the result document, therefrom a backup copy is un on tap(predicate). Questions such as these will serve as a guide to the development of a naughty system than manages various tasks in the medical laboratory.1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONSBased on the statement of the problems above the research question for this study areHow will the development of a laboratory information management System greatly increase the laboratorys efficiency?OBJECTIVE OF STUDYTo design a robust Laboratory information System that will effici ently aid in the running of the laboratory facilityTo hold and provide timely information approximately each visitor to the laboratoryTo reduce the need to hire staff through the proper application of technological solutions therefore cutting cost.With a proper functioning and comprehensively designed application, Laboratory tasks such the following can be achievedSAMPLES MANAGEMENTA LIMS can automate the management of samples. An organization can configure its analytical parameters and calculations into the LIMS before implementing the software in the laboratory. After sample enrolment, the system can print barcodes which it can scan at the end of the psychoanalysis when loading results into the LIMS. The system can check the completed results, automatically validating those which comply with specifications and reporting (but not validating) out-of-specification results. A LIMS may release or forbear lots and batches, according to a laboratorys specifications and calculations.O nce results come available for the labs nodes or owners, they can extract them inPDF, XMLor spreadsheet files from the LIMS interface. (Note that moving insufficient data to a spreadsheet may lose the traceability of changes).LABORATORY USERSOne may configure a LIMS for use by an unlimitednumber of users. Each user owns an interface, protected by security mechanisms such as a login and a password. Users may have customized interfaces. A laboratory manager might have full access to all of a LIMS functions, whereas technicians might have access only to functionality needed for their individual work-tasks.ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS AUTOMATIONAs of 2009LIMS implementations can manage laboratory sampling, consumables sampling archive and financial (invoices).SCOPE OF STUDYBakor Medical centre has various de partlyments and sections based on the issue at hand to be dealt with however this study focuses mainly on the lab processes, including data collection and management.This study takes the patient from the moment of entry into the medical centre, filling forms, up till the moment the test is taken, from that point onwards the study will focus on the methods used by the laboratory attendant to collect and store data, through recording of findings and submission of resultsThis study will also concentrate on data backup and retrieval methods and will highlight potential errors and problems that could be encountered if the entire process was carried out manually instead of using a well configured computer application.SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYThe Computer based Laboratory information management System is instead desirable as it will benefit the laboratory in the area of repetitive task automation. It will serve as an assistant to the medical laboratory scientist. It will also benefit patients as they will be able to retrieve record from previous visits to the laboratory.LIMITATIONS OF STUDYThe limitations of this study embarrassInability to obligate actual test result doc ument, as this goes against medical ethics for a third party to view Laboratory specimen or test results.inaccessibility of qualified laboratory scientist at the study locations to properly explain terms and laboratory procedures.LITERATURE REVIEWFrom tasting weewee to microscopy to molecular testing, the sophistication of diagnostic techniques has come a long way and continues to develop at breakneck speed. The history of the laboratory is the story of medicaments evolution from empirical to experimental techniques and proves that the clinical lab is the true source of medical ascendence.Three distinct periods in the history of medicine are associated with three different places and therefore different methods of determining diagnosis From the middle ages to the 18th century, bedside medicine was prevalent then between 1794 and 1848 came hospital medicine and from that time forward, laboratory medicine has served as medicines lodestar. The laboratorys contribution to modern medi cine has only recently been recognized by historians as something more than the addition of another resource to medical science and is now being appreciated as the seat of medicine, where clinicians account for what they observe in their patients.The first medical diagnoses make by humans were based on what ancient physicians could observe with their eyes and ears, which sometimes also included the examination of human specimens. The ancient Greeks attributed all disease to disorders of bodily fluids called humors, and during the late medieval period, doctors routinely performed uroscopy. Later, the microscope revealed not only the cellular twist of human tissue, but also the organisms that cause disease. More sophisticated diagnostic tools and techniques such as the thermometer for measuring temperature and the stethoscope for measuring heart rate were not in widespread use until the end of the 19th century. The clinical laboratory would not become a standard fixture of medicine until the beginning of the 20th century. past diagnostic methodsIn ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, the earliest physicians made diagnoses and recommended treatments based primarily on observation of clinical symptoms. Palpation and auscultation were also used. Physicians were able to describe dysfunctions of the digestive tract, heart and circulation, the liver and spleen, and menstrual disturbances unfortunately, this empiric medicine was reserved for royalty and the wealthy.Other less-than-scientific methods of diagnosis used in treating the middle and lower classes included divination through ritual sacrifice to predict the outcome of illness. Usually a sheep would be killed before the statue of a god. Its liver was examined for malformations or peculiarities the shape of the lobes and the orientation of the cat valium duct were then used to predict the fate of the patient.Ancient physicians also began the practice of examining patient specimens. The oldest known test on body f luids was done on urine in ancient times (before 400 BC). Urine was poured on the ground and observed to see whether it attracted insects. If it did, patients were diagnosed with boils.The ancient Greeks also saw the value in examining body fluids to predict disease. At well-nigh 300 BC, Hippocrates promoted the use of the mind and senses as diagnostic tools, a principle that played a large part in his reputation as the Father of Medicine. The central Hippocratic doctrine of humoral pathology attributed all disease to disorders of fluids of the body. To obtain a clear picture of disease, Hippocrates advocated a diagnostic protocol that included tasting the patients urine, listening to the lungs, and observing skin color and other outward appearances. Beyond that, the physician was to understand the patient as an individual. Hippocrates related the appearance of bubbles on the surface of urine specimens to kidney disease and chronic illness. He also related certain urine sediments an d blood and pus in urine to disease. The first description of hematuria or the presence of blood in urine, by Rufus of Ephesus surfaced at around AD 50 and was attributed to the failure of kidneys to function properly in filtering the blood.Later (c. AD 180), Galen (AD 131-201), who is recognized as the founder of experimental physiology, created a system of pathology that combined Hippocrates humoral theories with the Pythagorean theory, which held that the four elements (earth, air, fire, and water), corresponded to various combinations of the physiologic qualifies of dry, cold, hot, and moist. These combinations of physiologic characteristics corresponded roughly to the four humors of the human body hot moist = blood hot dry = yellow bile cold moist = phlegm and cold dry = black bile. Galen was known for explaining everything in light of his theory and for having an explanation for everything. He also described diabetes as diarrhea of urine and noted the normal relationship betw een fluid intake and urine volume. His unwavering belief in his own infallibility appealed to complacency and reverence for authority. That dogmatism essentially brought innovation and discovery in European medicine to a standstill for nearly 14 centuries. Anything relating to anatomy, physiology, and disease was simply referred back to Galen as the final authority from whom there could be no appeal.Middle AgesIn medieval Europe, early Christians believed that disease was either punishment for sin or the result of witchcraft or possession. Diagnosis was superfluous. The basic therapy was prayer, penitence, and invocation of saints. Lay medicine based diagnosis on symptoms, examination, pulse, palpitation, percussion, and inspection of excreta and sometimes semen. Diagnosis by water stamp (uroscopy) was practiced, and the urine flask became the emblem of medieval medicine. By AD 900, Isaac Judaeus, a Jewish physician and philosopher, had devised guidelines for the use of urine as a diagnostic aid and under the Jerusalem Code of 1090, failure to examine the urine exposed a physician to public beatings. Patients carried their urine to physicians in decorative flasks cradled in wickerwork baskets, and because urine could be shipped, diagnosis at long distance was common. The first book detailing the color, density, quality, and sediment found in urine was written around this time, as well. By around AD 1300, uroscopy became so widespread that it was at the point of near universality in European medicine.Consequently, the clinical laboratory became a standard fixture of medicine at the beginning of the 20th century it is now an integral part of the health-care delivery process and is seen as the basis for medical diagnosis.In recent times a medical laboratory scientist (MLS), formerly known as a medical technologist (MT) or clinical laboratory scientist (CLS), functions as a medical detective, performing laboratory tests that provide physicians with information that assists them in preventing, diagnosing and treating diseases and maintaining patient wellness.The medical laboratory scientist performs a wide human body of laboratory tests, ranging from simple dipstick urine tests to complex DNA tests that help physicians assess risk of diseases. Using test results, physicians can uncover diabetes, cancer, heart attacks, infections and many other diseases.Medical laboratory scientists interact with physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other members of the healthcare team to provide timely, accurate information so the patient can receive the correct medical treatment.Medical laboratory scientists use sophisticated biomedical instruments and technology, microscopes, complex electronic equipment, computers, and methods requiring manual dexterity to perform tests on blood, body fluids, and tissue specimens. Clinical laboratory testing sections include clinical chemistry, hematology, Immunohematology ( occupation Bank), immunology, microbiology a nd molecular diagnostics.EFFECTS OF MEDICAL LABORATORIESMedical Laboratories have played a pivotal role over the years. As tell above, in ancient times, physicians relied on various inaccurate means of disease diagnosis such as urine tasting, listening to the lungs etc. However with the sexual climax and subsequent evolution of modern medical laboratory facilities, plus the discovery of the cellular nature of human tissue and the invention of the microscope, medical diagnosis made a tremendous leap from a 50-50 accuracy ratio to an 80% accuracy rating for laboratory based medical diagnosis. Therefore the use of medical laboratories has greatly increased the accuracy of diagnosis thus the physician can administer the proper kind of treatment.The use of laboratories has also led to various discoveries, such as new strands of Viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. It also acts as a monitor for new strands of drug resistant bacteria.CHALLENGES FACED BY MEDICAL LABORATORIESThe main c hallenges and bottle-necks encountered by medical laboratories over the years include.Inability to preserve patient samples or specimens such as blood, sputum, stool, over a long period of time for reference purposes hence making patient to specimen matching and tracking,Efficient information sharing and retrieval between the laboratory scientist and those administering treatment has been a problem.MEDICAL LABORATORIES IMPROVEMENTS AND THE FUTUREFor the efficient functioning of the diagnosis system, health-care delivery, scientific research into bacteriology and disease causing organisms, technology should be applied to automate administrative tasks, such as the visitor registration and result documentation. By making judicious use of computer software to automate and manage tasks in the laboratory there will be a dramatic increase in its efficiency.Consequently this will greatly reduce the need to recruit and pay personnel to carry out administrative duties therefore such resources can be channeled towards more important needs of the laboratory.TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM/PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE TO BE USED IN STUDYThe technologies to be used in the development of this Laboratory Information Management system is an open source programming language known as PHP, together with a MYSQL driven database, a solid browser based application will be developed.PHP PHP also known as Hypertext Pre-processor, it belongs to a class of languages known as middleware (Needham, 2006). These languages work closely with the web server to interpret the request made from the web, processes these request, interact with other programs on the server to fulfill the request and then indicates to the web server exactly what to serve to the clients browser.It is the leading web programming language for design of web applications. It possesses a language similar to C, Java or Pearl. Its uses include retrieving user input and saving it in a database, retrieving information from a database and general data manipulation processes.THE CLIENT Simply refers to end users of an application that tie to a remote server to carry out computational processesTHE SERVER An application known as a web server listens for requests a client makes, responds to those requests and serves out the appropriate response (Greenspan, 2002)MYSQL Refers to an open source relational database management system with a set of programs that access and manipulate these records. (Descartes, 2003).It is arelational database management system (RDBMS)that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases.APACHE WEB SERVERApache is a web server notable for playing an important role in the initial growth of the world-wide web.It is responsible for accepting Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request from web client (web browsers) and serving the HTTP responses along with optional data content which usually are HTML pages.These platforms are used in this research work becauseThere are open source mea ning there are free to use and develop with without having to purchase licenses or fulfill any legal obligation to the owners of the technology.It is easy to deploy on a local machineIts hardware requirements are minimal therefore making its installation and usage less cumbersome.Developer tools and support services for the platform/technology are right away available at absolutely no cost.DATA COLLECTED FOR LABORATORY TESTLab Investigation Form This form is used for general patient registration and data collection. Data collected on this form includePatient NamePatient ageHospital NumberSpecimenBlood SpecimenSputumStoolUreaVarious SwapInvestigation RecordClinic DetailsName of DoctorLab Request Book use to record Patients data for that day.NameLab Investigation DoneAmountTime inData Collected for lab testsLab result book (Used for recording patients results)Patients NameDate of birthGenderTest ResultsDateHospital registration NumberExtra CommentsSUMMARYThe use of technological solu tions greatly reduces costs, increase profits, save human effort and provide better services to customers/clientsThe use of an LIS (Laboratory information System) in the running of a medical laboratory facility greatly improves the documentation process makes patients records retrieval a lot easier and faster, records are not lost and are kept safe via regular backup of the available data.With the use of a Laboratory information system, various kinds of data deductions, surveys and reports can be easily generated for statistical purposes such as the average percentage of persons with a certain kind of disease, Genotype or blood type etc.CONCLUSIONA properly developed Medical Laboratory information system will greatly increase productivity, increase the quality of services delivered by the facility and greatly reduce the amount of man hours put into the delivering the laboratory services

Effect Of Dispossession On Aboriginal Spiritualities Religion Essay

Effect Of Dispossession On patriarchal Spiritualities Religion EssayThe dispossession on Aboriginal spiritualities in relation to the stolen coevals is a continuing effect. Dispossession means taking away what was in that respect, in this case when the blank settlers came to Australia they took ein truththing from the Aboriginals including their home and families. The stolen generation began at the beginning of the European Colonisation. Colonisation was before long established and it removed all Aboriginal people from their own land and destroyed their sacred sites. Aboriginal girls were coerce to serve as domestics and they were crimson sometimes forced to double up as sexual partners. Aboriginal boys were forced to work as stockmen. Soon came another policy that forced all prime people to reject their own religion and accept and follow Christianity, this policy was get laidn as missionisation. Young primaeval children were taken away from their pargonnts and their aborig inal families and they were separated from their siblings, every somebody was sent somewhere else. An example of this is the first video which is intimately the rabbit proof fence, as seen in the video when the white person came he tore up Aboriginal families, you are subject to see how the mothers reacted which gives us the meaning that the parents particularly the mothers were badly affected by this. This was known as the stolen generation, it destroyed aboriginal family and cultural life. Aboriginal people and especially the children were moved to stay in missions which were run by some churches and to reserves that were run by the government. Segregation destroyed the spirituality of the aboriginal people and it destroyed their religious links. The aboriginal children of the stolen generation that stayed in the missions and reserves were forced to forget everything from their community and their family and they were forced to dress, talk and act like white people. As seen in the second video, it shows us how the look of the children being taken away from their family really affects everyone the children that were acting that scene were crying and so were the directors, these shows us that till today people are being affected by this and are very emotional ab go forth it. The parents of the stolen generation were badly affected and this led to depression, mental illnesses, addiction to drinking and drugs and some parents died a lonely sad death. An example of this is in the third video the query with Helen Moran, she said she had the idea that her father died a sad lonely death faceing for his children, and Helen is still upset about what she experienced and especially how her parents were affected especially her dad. The European contact till today towards the Aboriginal spiritualities is a continuing effect of dispossession in relation to the stolen generation.Part B Using the acknowledgment above, examine the relationship between Aboriginal spiri tualities and religious traditions in the process of Reconciliation.The process of reconciliation is the relationship of aboriginal spiritualities and religious traditions. Reconciliation is the process where Aboriginal people and non-indigenous people in Australia make a move into the future based on a new relationship that involves important things like understanding, wonder and viridity acknowledgment. This means that the injustice in the past including the dispossession of land and the stolen generation, must be dealt with in order for the Australians to live in peace. Reconciliation was created in order to helper and repair the Aboriginal spirituality. The Aboriginal thinking has been negatively impacted by the western Christian missions. Many Aboriginals became nominal Christians because there was slide fastener they could do. In aboriginal theology there is a liberal tradition, it involves dependence, and genial structure of the western church. When Pope Paul II came to Australia and visited Alice Springs, the Roman Catholic perform showed great support for reconciliation, and it was able to make lots of positive driving forces towards the Reconciliation process. Also in 1998 the Anglican Church of Australia showed its support towards reconciliation and they were also able to encourage many enterprises to help in the process to achieve the reconciliation. The Aboriginal story-telling theology accepted the important links between stories and biblical scriptures and it also unplowed the traditional and cultural theology. This theology has been used by many theologians they use this theology because they are able to make it relevant to their everyday life. An example of this is as seen in the artwork from the Lutheran Church of Australia, it shows that the Aboriginals were forced to become Christian but it also shows us the meaning of the cross being white which represents the white religion and the use of bush tucker and the darker drawings around the cross represent the aboriginal traditions and by both being combined in concert it creates wholeness that the aboriginal accept because one of their tradition is being put with one of the white traditions. On behalf of the Jews the NSW Jewish Board of Deputies surrender also shown their support to the aboriginal reconciliation, because they know exactly how the Aboriginal people feel. The Jews and the Aboriginals have both experienced the same injustice and suffering in the past generations and they are working forward together towards reconciliation. The attempts towards reconciliation by all the different religious traditions have helped to bring agreement towards the Christian and aboriginal religious ideas and most significantly the religious traditions in the process of reconciliation.Part C Using examples, evaluate the importance of ecumenical developments and religious dialogue in Australia.Ecumenical development and interfaith dialogue is very important in Australia. E cumenism is concerned with the common values and teachings that are the same across many different churches in making up the Christian world. Ecumenism focuses on many things, three important ones include uniting all Christians from all different communities, cooperation across the different communities and it focuses on things that are common across all the communities. Ecumenism was found in the early 1900s, but it didnt come into effect until the 1960s after the orbit Council of Churches was formed in 1984. The World Council of Churches is an important example that was used for the importance of ecumenical developments. The ecumenical development was a big movement in the Christian church which caught everyones attention across all communities. In 1948 the world council of churches had its first conference which brought together the Protestants, Eastern Orthodox and Old Catholic bodies. The world council of churches had its fourth meeting in 1968 and it was seen in that confere nce that the Protestants, Orthodox and the Catholics were working together. The calling of the ecumenical movement is to transform the earth into a living house of God. The Catholic Church referred to the ecumenical movement as activities planned and undertaken to show Christian unity. An example of a church that has been a participate of the ecumenism is The Orthodox Churches. They refer to it as a stripping of the shared history of all Christians. In the third meeting of the world council of churches which was in 1961, the Orthodox Church said that the ecumenical movement is a search to reintegrate the Christian mind and recover the Apostolic Tradition. Two examples of a modern day ecumenical movement are the great formation of the conjunction Church in Australia and the week of prayer for Christian agreement. The National Council of Churches in Australia is an example of one common state-based ecumenical council that tries and aims to speak common concerns to the government abo ut important issues that strongly affect Christian life. There is a network in Australia that has 16 Christian churches as participates, this network is the NSW Ecumenical Council. The aims of the network are to promote the idea of Christian churches working together. The core force for the NSW Ecumenical Council is the unity and the important truths of God in Jesus Christ. In the National Council of Churches Australia there have been many churches that have joined but have failed because they werent able to accept the ecumenical dialogue that churches have put forward doctrines and there have been disagreements. Some of these churches include Baptists and Pentecostals. Interfaith dialogue is the movement between different religious traditions and groups to a achieve peace between the different beliefs. It is important for the interfaith dialogue to be a positive relationship, and there needs to be a good relationship with the religious traditions themselves for it to work well. Whe n conflicts arise through the interfaith dialogue, the way it is resolved is by the leaders from the different traditions meet together and talk about their faith and they try to work things out and sort out the misunderstanding. The most important things about interfaith dialogue include its important that the dialogue starts when people meet, dialogue depends mostly on trust and common acquaintance between everyone, dialogue makes it easy to share in the community and finally dialogue becomes the standard reliable witness. Interfaith dialogue has its boundaries of its significance and value. It was said by Dr Gerard Hall SM, who is a catholic theologian, that we all live in a democracy which means everyone has a right to both follow and defend their beliefs and practices, even though they may be considered wrong by other people. Dialogue among people who have different traditions in Australia is a very important social structure requirement because Australia is a multicultural an d multi-religious society. Dialogue between religious traditions makes a perfect dialogue between Christian groups. An example of this is the catholic churchs allegiance to maintain an open dialogue with other faiths, this occurred in 1992, it was brought up by the Bishops committee for Ecumenical and interfaith relations of the Australia Catholic Bishops conference. An important achievement by the council is the set of guidelines for the Christian teachers and preachers it was created to help them deal more with many passages that are in the new testament that have been used wrongly towards the Jews. These guidelines were developed with the help of the heads of many different churches, some including the Anglican, Roman Catholic, Uniting Churches and the Lutheran church. An example of a major independent interfaith association that is in Australia is the World Council on Religion and Peace, this interfaith association is made up of legislative bodies from many major religious trad itions. Interfaith dialogue had led to the formation of an annual Australian Multifaith Advisory Forum, that has been represented by 17 faith communities and it has been suggested that in parliament in the beginning of everyday there should be a rotate in interfaith prayers regularly. The best and most important religious improvement in Australia is the growth of ecumenism, and a growth in love, and cooperation between the Christian churches and most importantly dialogue and the cooperation between the many different Christian communities.

The Business Event Management

The Business position ManagementWelcome to the future of medicament Event Management. We help in organizing our different Music progenys with affordable festival. We plan our outcomes base on the purpose of practice of medicine like music festival. Our music answer watchfulness services implicate a complete treat of budgeting, event dates, selecting and reserving the event venue, coordinating transportation and parking, developing a group or motive for the event, arrangement of speakers, decoration of site, provide services, event support and security. We along with our expert teams sit down and make decisions for the betterment of our lymph glands and try to provide an excellent service according to the customers demands.1.0 IntroductionToday, events be central perhaps never before. Increased leisure clip and discretionary spending have led to proliferation of public events, celebration and entertainment. Governments now support and levy events as strong as separat e of their strategies for economic development, nation building and destination market. Corporation and business embrace events as key elements in their marketing strategies and image promotion. The enthusiasm of community groups and individuals for their own interest and passion gives rise to a marvelous array of events on almost every subject and theme imaginable. Events spill out of newspapers and television screens, occupy much of our measure and enrich our lives.Source Special eventsGreat Britain-Management,Elsevier/Butterworth Heinemann. 2006.1.1 Define of Event ManagementEvent way is the process by which an event is planned, prepared, and produced. As with any other form of commission, it encompasses the assessment, definition, acquisition, altogetherocation, direction, control, and analysis of clock time, finances, people, mathematical products, services, and other resources to achieve objectives. An event managers job is to cope and arrange every purview of an ev ent, including researching, think, organizing, implementing, controlling, and evaluating an events design, activities, and production.The festival was traditionally a time of celebration and recuperation which often followed a period of hard psychical labor, showing or harvesting of crops, for example. The meaty feature of these festivals was the celebration or reaffirmation of community or culture. The artistic content of such events was variable and many had religious or ritualistic human faces, further music dance and drama was of import feature of the celebration.Source (The policy of study institute 1992)2.0 Importance of Planning and administering in event managementEvent planners design, organize and coordinate conventions, conferences, corporate meetings, exhibitions, etc. In fact, there are thousands of events of every scale that need an event planners services. Somebody is always needed to oversee all the details and to ensure that the event happens, luckyly.Event p lanners are responsible for every aspect, from marketing, catering, signage, displays, translation, audio-visual equipment, printing and security. They also take care of participants accommodations and transport. They are responsible for the pecuniary side setting and monitoring the overall budget for the venture.Political and Union events.Conferences and conventions.Trade shows.Company socials.Meetings.New product launches.Charity fundraisers.Grand openings.Festivals.Parties.Event management and readying is a career that offers excitement and a degree of glamour in return for hard work, a large amount of energy and flexibility, and a high level of organizational and logistical skills.3.0 The Role of Music Festival ManagerAn event management professional is responsible for almost every aspect of event, from planning an event to the execution or conducting the event. An event management professional has to take care many operations and processes to organize an event and make it suc cessful which generally include Planning the event, Venue selection for the event, Logistics, Design, Decoration, Negotiation, Media planning, Budgeting for the event, Marketing the event, Ticket sales, Customer service, Managing people, Catering, Hospitality, clock management and Problem solving.The Music Event Manager is the whiz essential position for any event committee organizing an event. The Music Event Manager is responsible for- The smooth running and coordination of the event.- The inclusive and welcoming nature of the event for all.- Ensuring that the event complies with all relevant Federal and State laws and local government policies and regulations.- Ensuring that all forms are filled out and details lodged with the relevant authority.- Ensuring that appropriate permission is received before the event goes ahead.- Recording details of invitees and attendees.- Ensuring that thank yours are sent to those who have helped in arranging or sponsoring- The event and to any circumscribed guests.- Advertising the event.- Budget forecasting and financial control.Event PlanningRole of Music event manager starts with planning the event. Event manager has to sit with leaf node to plant the event, in which an event manager comes to know the purpose of the event, type of event, number of attendees, facilities demand for the event and the timeline of the event.BudgetingBudgeting immediately comes after the planning of event. Every customer has his own budget for the event. A Music event manager has to plan and organize the event within the budget. Every activity after planning the event exit depend on clients budget, whether it is venue, food, decoration and gifts or any other part of the event.Venue Selection for the eventOnce the purpose of event, number of attendees, requisite facilities and timeline of the event decided, then the venue selection and venue booking comes in the focus. Every venue is not suitable for all kinds of events. Venue selectio n depends on purpose of event or type of event (i.e. venue for wedding could not same as for the venue of brand promotion or product launch), number of attendees and many other criteria. Good venue selection makes a deep impact on event.LogisticsAdministering the logistics for an event means planning, booking, outsourcing and monitoring many parts of the event with the help of team. Decoration, kind of furniture required, number of general furniture items (i.e. chairs for attendees), number of special furniture items (i.e. podium for speaker), water, electricity, sound, light, photography and video, menu planning, catering services, lodge and transportation of special guests or chief guests of the event, selection and packaging of return gifts (in many events) and many other activities are included in administering the logistics for an event.Many times, the client preferred theme party. In this case, a Music event manager has to arrange and monitor some additional logistics.Adverti sing and Media PlanningAdvertising and media planning are required for many social events (i.e. musical night of renowned singer) and corporate events (i.e. product launch). For many other events, ticket selling is also required (i.e. sports events, movie premiers). A Music event manager has to plan and execute all these activities also.4.0 Why an action plan is necessary for music festivalThis phase angle is to start formulating a Music Action Plan. To be clear, the Music Action Plan is a live management tool that details key drift milestones and activity against a timeline it should be continually reviewed and updated as the music planning and operations progress. The music Plan, on the other hand, is a strategic vision and planning document which outlines the event objectives, states the business case and gives financial projections and information over a given time period (often 3-5 years). The Music Plan should be reviewed at key stages as agreed by event partners (most like ly at the beginning of each planning stage).It is classical to commit our thoughts to paper. This is essential in nightspot to help our understand and share what has to be done, when and by whom. Its also a requirement if we are looking to convince others to invest in our event. Putting unitedly the Music Event Action Plan is a straightforward task that involves listing key activities against a timeline and stating who will be responsible for delivering each element. Critically, it will help us to ensure we have enough time to complete all necessary tasks and help all involved understand their responsibilities. get wind activities listed in our Music Event Action Plan whitethorn include Writing/updating the Music Plan Identifying event partners and supporters Recruitment and training Fundraising activity and deadlines Budgeting milestones Key meetings i.e. steering group or sub-committee meetings Confirming venue(s) Booking or commissioning program elements Pre-production/produc tion milestones Implementing the Marketing Strategy Live event Monitoring, rating inform. Use team meetings to update the plan and then make sure that all revisions are circulated to those who are working from the plan. Depending on the size and complexity of our event, we may have separate, more detailed Action Plans for different work areas or departments. For example, we may have one for marketing, one for production, one for fundraising, etc. Its a useful approach to be able to show the entire activity timeline and also to be able to break it down into departments. We may have project management software to help put us together our plan, but if not, a simple activity/month table is useful.Below is a basic pathfinder that we could easily replicate in Microsoft Word or similar packages. We have included some sample entries to get us started. As appropriate, we commode exaggerate our Action Plan by providing the necessary detail.The point is that it has got to work for us an d our event. This chart may be identified why is it necessary for our event.Development of Music concept or event bidFeasibility StudyCost and benefit of eventsEvents resource and infrastructure requirementsDecision to cheaseDecision to proceed with new eventEstablished of organization structureConduct situation of analysisCreation of control systemDevelopment of evaluation of feedback processSource adapted from Getz (2005)Techniques that can be used to monitor progress in music festivalThe Event Managers role includes ensuring that the music event runs smoothly. A key role is to exceed with all officials and volunteers to ensure that their tasks are being carried out. Always check off the time-line of tasks and duties before and during the event. As tasks are interrelated, it is essential that they are completed in the time planned so as to keep the whole process on track. It is the Music Event managers responsibility to ensure this is done. It is grievous practice to set standa rd meeting dates and times for the various individuals and subcommittees to report. Keep minutes and records of all meetings and follow-up on tasks between meetings. These records will be used for monitoring and coordination as well as for the final evaluation, event reporting and input to planning for future music events. Computer programs or work flow charts for project planning and management are also useful for music event monitoring and record keeping. Continuous monitoring is essential for successful events and provides early warning if things begin to diverge from the plan. The earlier any deviations are noticed, the greater the chance of dealing with the situation before major reorganization is required. The more slack time between sarcastic tasks, the more options for adjustment. If the plan needs adjusting because of over-runs of time or resources, the main options open to theEvent Manager and the event committee are to find additional resources (eg grow additional volu nteers or seek more funds) reassign resources to shorten critical tasks (eg move volunteers or finance from one taskarea to another) reduce be and/or reschedule key tasks (eg drop non-critical tasks or move non-criticaltasks to another time).5.0 The importance of monitoring or evaluating each stage of planning cycle in music festivalThe music planning process is an ongoing cycle that incorporates a series of different stages. The outcomes of one stage may change the close stage of the plan. One way of thinking about the stages involved in the planning cycle isAssessing the context- What need to be done?Detailed planning-who, what, whereMonitoring and evaluationAgreeing the outcomesWhat difference do we want to makeAgreeing actionHow will we go about making differenceSetting indicators how we will know we made a differenceEach stage feeds into the next, making planning an ongoing activity which is closely linked to evaluation. Planning with communities needs to build upon where the community is now, taking time to identify strengths, opportunities and priorities, and it needs to go at a pace that suits the community. Sometimes earlier stages of the planning cycle will need to be revisited and adapted found on the changing context. 6.0 The importance of time management in music festivalTime is one of the most important factors in life. Once time goes it never comes again. Once a thing is done it is done it cannot be changes. One cant go into the history nor change it. Time is as important as money one should spend it carefully. Here are some of the reasons why time management is so important for music festival.1 Time is limited Time is limited one cannot store or save time. In during the period everything is to finish in music festival.2. Too many things to do Time is limited but the things to be done are many. One need to maintain a proper schedule and choose the right time for the right activity. Time management helps to choose the things to be done. Time management helps to manage more time to do the things which are more valuable and important to do in music festival.3. Time management helps to finish the different task in less amount of time- Time management allows to allot good amount of time to different things and get the different things done. By using time management one can plan and organise his activities properly in music festival.4. Make us conscious about time Time management makes us conscious of the time we have and the different things we have to do in the available time. By being conscious about the available time one used the time more carefully in music festival.5. Change music festival activities Time management changes music festival activities. People like different music to different symphony by time management. Now music festival has arranged all in one activities.Time management is very important in music festival because all the festival activities has to finish during the festival period.7.0 Methods Used to Evaluate Success of Music FestivalRadio advertising should be predominant for the repositioning- our target audience are large radio listeners, and respond well to this media.Internet the target audience very technologically aware and a viral e-mail campaign with a well developed, interactive, website is essential to increase awareness.In addition we should have a campaign through printed media- there are many specialist magazine suggest at the target audience and we should use these to promote sales. (See below)Music festival Manager such as posters should also be used andSales promotionSponsorship and PR8.0 ConclusionManager is there to work in event. It is all about planning, planning and more planning. It is more significance on the lodge festival manager. It is necessary to change new horizon of music festival. Because people needs new quality of music festival. We can say for arranging any company follow our music festival and also important to develop organizer activit ies. This is important for company festival manager to change new horizon and creative thinking in new path of organization. An event manger organizes all the festival activities and preparing event atmosphere in his decision.

Relatively Einstein Essay -- Essays Papers

Relatively hotshotHis genius reshaped the laws of nature. His theories changed scientists? perception of the Universe. His ideas take to the most destructive and lethal weapon known to man. Albert Einstein hypothesized some of the most complex theories of all time, The fussy supposition of Relativity and The General Theory of Relativity.He was a pudgy first child of a bougesois Jewish couple from Southern Germany. His father was an unsuccessful Engineer and his mother was a expert musician. His mother often encouraged his interests in Bach and Mozart. In his early years he received a toy compass, a gift from his father, that aggravated his first thought experiment. He was curious as to why the needle always pointed North (Golden 21).When he was fifteen he quit prep school, renounced his German citizenship, and entered the Swiss equivalent of MIT. There he fell in love and married a classmate. The marriage lasted a short three years (Golden 21). eon coping with his loss, he moved in with a disassociate cousin by the name of Elsa. She cooked and cleaned for him while he was discovering his, soon to be, theory of General Relativity. Elsa and Albert were wedded a short time after (Golden 21).At the florescence of World War I he risked his wife?s life, and his own, and signed an anti-war petition. When the Nazis came to power former to World War II, he was forced to leave Germany. He moved to Princeton, where they built a physics program around him. A Hungarian scientist warned him of the Germans? get to make an atomic bomb. Einstein then wrote a garner to Franklin Roosevelt and warned him of the Nazi threat. Shortly thereafter, The Manhattan Project (the program which was responsible for the designing, building and testing of the atomic bomb) was organized, in which Einstein had no part in (Hawking 66).Albert urged for a relegate on nuclear weapons after he learned of the explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He tried to allure American s that McCarthyism (false threat of communism reaching North America) was a hoax, and called for an final stage to racism (Golden 22).Shortly after graduation Einstein began to ponder about the universe. While invigoration in Germany, he composed his first of two relativity theory theories The Special Theory of Relativity (Golden 23). The Special Theory of Relativity deals with phenomena that becomes noticeabl... ...ce. This is precisely what Einstein pictured happening to planets, the moon, and the rest of the cosmos. This is the reason that Earth orbits the sun and the moon revolves around the sun. He (Einstein) maintained that gravity, as an invisible force that pulls apples and other things to the ground does not exist, states Chaisson (99).Albert Einstein hypothesized some of the most complex theories of all time, Special and General Relativity. His Genius reshaped the way scientists think and the way we look at the universe. I placid can?t believe he thought of it.? wave Grossman (Feynman 49)Bibliography1. Bohm, David. The Special Theory of Relativity. Routledge NY, 1965.2. Chaisson, Eric. Relatively Speaking. W. W. Norton NY, 1988.3. Feynman, Richard P. Six Not-So-Easy Pieces. Addison-Wesley Reading,1997.4. Golden, Frederick. Person of the Century. date 31 Dec 1999 21.5. Gundersen, P. Erik. The handy Physics Answer Book. Detroit Visible Ink, 1999.6. Hawking, Stephen. A Breif History of Relativity. Time 31 Dec 1999 66.7. Laing, David. The Earth System. Fort Kent Wm. C. Brown, 1991.8. Sagan, Carl. Cosmos. Random House NY, 1980. Relatively Einstein Essay -- Essays PapersRelatively EinsteinHis genius reshaped the laws of nature. His theories changed scientists? perception of the Universe. His ideas led to the most destructive and lethal weapon known to man. Albert Einstein hypothesized some of the most complex theories of all time, The Special Theory of Relativity and The General Theory of Relativity.He was a pudgy first child of a bougesois Jewish couple from Southern Germany. His father was an unsuccessful Engineer and his mother was a talented musician. His mother often encouraged his interests in Bach and Mozart. In his early years he received a toy compass, a gift from his father, that provoked his first thought experiment. He was curious as to why the needle always pointed North (Golden 21).When he was fifteen he quit prep school, renounced his German citizenship, and entered the Swiss equivalent of MIT. There he fell in love and married a classmate. The marriage lasted a short three years (Golden 21).While coping with his loss, he moved in with a divorced cousin by the name of Elsa. She cooked and cleaned for him while he was discovering his, soon to be, theory of General Relativity. Elsa and Albert were wed a short time after (Golden 21).At the peak of World War I he risked his wife?s life, and his own, and signed an anti-war petition. When the Nazis came to power prior to World War II, he was forced to leave Germany. He moved to Princeton, where they built a physics program around him. A Hungarian scientist warned him of the Germans? attempt to make an atomic bomb. Einstein then wrote a letter to Franklin Roosevelt and warned him of the Nazi threat. Shortly thereafter, The Manhattan Project (the program which was responsible for the designing, building and testing of the atomic bomb) was organized, in which Einstein had no part in (Hawking 66).Albert urged for a ban on nuclear weapons after he learned of the explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He tried to convince Americans that McCarthyism (false threat of communism reaching North America) was a hoax, and called for an end to racism (Golden 22).Shortly after graduation Einstein began to ponder about the universe. While living in Germany, he composed his first of two relativity theories The Special Theory of Relativity (Golden 23). The Special Theory of Relativity deals with phenomena that becomes notice abl... ...ce. This is precisely what Einstein envisioned happening to planets, the moon, and the rest of the cosmos. This is the reason that Earth orbits the sun and the moon revolves around the sun. He (Einstein) maintained that gravity, as an invisible force that pulls apples and other things to the ground does not exist, states Chaisson (99).Albert Einstein hypothesized some of the most complex theories of all time, Special and General Relativity. His Genius reshaped the way scientists think and the way we look at the universe. I still can?t believe he thought of it.?Marcel Grossman (Feynman 49)Bibliography1. Bohm, David. The Special Theory of Relativity. Routledge NY, 1965.2. Chaisson, Eric. Relatively Speaking. W. W. Norton NY, 1988.3. Feynman, Richard P. Six Not-So-Easy Pieces. Addison-Wesley Reading,1997.4. Golden, Frederick. Person of the Century. Time 31 Dec 1999 21.5. Gundersen, P. Erik. The Handy Physics Answer Book. Detroit Visible Ink, 1999.6. Hawking, Stephen. A Br eif History of Relativity. Time 31 Dec 1999 66.7. Laing, David. The Earth System. Fort Kent Wm. C. Brown, 1991.8. Sagan, Carl. Cosmos. Random House NY, 1980.

Essay --

Discuss the social psychological approach in psychology and identify the kinds of questions that social psychologists attempt to answer.This essay will study what social psychology actually is and the debates within the field as well as the history and origins of social psychology. In addendum to this it will then continue and look at what they study within this field and what types of questions to ask and what results they gain from this. The question of what social psychology actually is, is not something that is easy to answer as it has been regarded as a diverse and fragmented discipline that is divided by the battle between experimental and critical social psychology. This is based on whether it should be a erudition or not, the ideology and what constitutes the social world (Rogers,). It is regarded as an umbrella discipline in which many sub-disciplines sit under including biological, clinical and organisational. (Myers,) Many social psychologists turn over that social ps ychology is a scientific study that investigates how others influence thoughts, behaviour and feeling (Hogg & Vaughan,). Theses are the experimental psychologists who try to find a cause centre relationship between two variables by testing hypotheses, whilst ensuring that all variables are operationalized in order to gain results that are valid and there are no confuse variables. They do this whilst in a controlled laboratory environment ensuring that no other factors could play a part and act as a confounding variable. Critical psychology on the other hand would argue that the scientific method to measure behaviour is not the only method that can be used. It argues that the scientific method if often unsuitable for studying certain aspects of peoples ... ...ing used as many were relying on experimental methods and the assumptions of positivists to produce explanations that were reductionist instead of holistic and looking at the whole environment and not just the person. The i deology was also criticised during this period as the values of individualism were arising rather than the sociologist ideology that had previously existed (Myers). Social psychologists have a range of different subject areas and topics that they can choose from when deciding what research they want to do, including obedience, conformity, identity, communication and language, persuasion and influence. In addition to this there are two main theories that derive from social psychology, the first being behaviourism and the second being social learning opening. The first theory behaviourism, derived from Pavlovs work looking at operant conditioning