Introduction to Internet Addiction

Introduction to Internet Addiction Ten years ago, the only people who spent a majority of their leisure time on the computer were paid members of the technology industry. Today, however, surfing the Web has become a pastime as social and marketable as bar hopping or going to the movies. As the web has become a part of mainstream life, some mental health professionals have noted that a percentage of people using the web do so in a compulsive and out-of-control manner.In one extreme (1997)  Cincinnati case, unemployed mother Sandra Hacker allegedly spent over 12 hours a day secluded from her three young and neglected children while she surfed the Web. For better or for worse, this phenomena of compulsive Internet use has been termed ‘Internet Addiction' based on its superficial similarity to common addictions such as smoking, drinking, and gambling. Internet Addiction has even been championed as an actual disorder, notably by psychologists Kimberly Young, Ph. D and David Greenf ield, Ph. D.. However, at this time the true nature of Internet Addiction is not yet determined.In a true addiction, a person becomes compulsively dependent upon a particular kind of stimulation to the point where obtaining a steady supply of that stimulation becomes the sole and central focus of their lives. The addict increasingly neglects his work duties, relationships and ultimately even his health in his drive to remain stimulated. In some cases of addiction (such as addiction to alcohol or to heroin), a phenomenon known as tolerance occurs, wherein more and more stimulation is required to produce the same pleasurable effect.A related phenomena, withdrawal, can also occur, wherein the addicted person comes to be dependent upon their source of stimulation and experiences dramatically unpleasant (and even potentially lethal — as can be the case with alcohol) reactions when he goes without it. Sources of addictive stimulation can be chemical (as is the case with addictive d rugs such as alcohol, cocaine, nicotine and heroin), sensual (as in sex) or even informational (as in gambling or workaholism).What all sources of addictive stimulation have in common is that they provoke a strong, usually positive (at first) reaction in the potential addict, who then seeks out the source of that stimulation so as to obtain that feeling on a regular basis. While many people like to engage in sexual relations, or gamble, or have the occasionally drink because of the pleasure to be had, clearly not all people who do so are addicts. Rather, the term ddiction only applies when someone's stimulation seeking gets to the point where it starts interfering with their ability to function normally and non-neglectfully at work and in relationships. Mental health professionals are split as to whether or not Internet addiction is real. No one disputes that some people use the Internet in a compulsive manner even to a point where it interferes with their their ability to function at work and in social relationships. What is disputed is whether people can become addicted to the Internet itself, or rather to the stimulation and information that the web provides.The controversy surrounding Internet Addiction is precisely whether people become addicted to the net itself, or to the stimulation to be had via the net (such as online gambling, pornography or even simple communication with others via chat and bulletin boards). Some psychologists do not believe in addiction to the Internet itself, but rather in addiction to stimulation that the Internet provides. They suggests that new Internet users often show an initial infatuation with the novelty of the Web, but eventually lose interest and decrease their time spent online back to a normal, healthy amount.Those users who do go on to show compulsive Internet utilization, for the most part become compulsive only with regard to particular types of information to be had online, most often gambling, pornography, chat r oom or shopping sites. This is not an addiction to the Internet itself, but rather to risk-taking, sex, socializing or shopping. In essence then, the chief addictive characteristic of the Internet is its ability to enable instant and relatively anonymous social stimulation. Addicted† Internet users are addicted to a favored kind of social stimulation and not to the Internet itself, although it is also true that the Internet has made it vastly easier and more convenient for someone to develop such a compulsion. Because the Internet is used by many people as a normal part of their career or education, knowing how to separate excessive from normal use becomes difficult and cannot be accomplished using simple measures such as amount of time spent online in a given period. Most fundamental in differentiating normal from problem Internet use is the experience of compulsion to use the net.Normal users, no matter how heavy their usage, do not  need  to get online and do not neglec t their occupational duties or their relationships with family and friends to get online. Help for Internet related addiction is available from multiple sources. Anyone concerned about serious problem Internet usage should consider consulting with a local licensed psychologist, social worker or counselor, specifically one with experience treating addictions. Cognitive therapy based approaches are recommendable due to their systematic and direct focus on reducing problem use and preventing relapse, and the strong scientific support for the approach.Marital and or family therapy approaches may be useful as well when an individual's Internet Addiction is affecting their larger family system (such as might be the case when a husband uses Internet-based pornography as his sole sexual outlet, leaving his wife frozen out). More than a few books and self-help resources (such as audio tape sets) are also available for those who want to educate themselves on the problem. Our Internet Addictio n Treatment article provides further detail.

Describe How to Deal with Disagreements Between the Practitioner and Children and Young People

Describe how to deal with disagreements between the practitioner and children and young people If it is TA versus a child, then the chances are that the child is being confrontational and disobedient. You would have to point out the boundaries and explain that it would not be wise to cross these boundaries if the child did not want to make the situation worse for their self. With an adult, they have their own perspective on what has caused the disagreement and this should be listened to and then you should calmly put forward your point of view.It is essential to establish respectful and professional relationships with children and young people in the role of TA. There are certain strategies which enable such a valued and trusted relationship to be established. A relationship in which a child trusts and respects their TA and feels comfortable in their company, allows the TA to offer a supportive and caring environment in which the child can learn and develop. Describe how to deal with disagreements between the practitioner and other adultsVery often in my life I have found myself in the middle of conflict. You have to be very wise, diplomatic and try to help to solve the problem, if somebody asks you to. Many times people know how to sort it out, or what must be done to solve the problem, but they are too emotionally involved at that moment and they simply are not able to do anything. If such a situation happened, it is good to listen and give them time to calm down. It can take just few minutes or longer period of time.The important thing is to be patient, which may be hard to do, but it is vital to keep a cool head. At times I may be required to mediate discussions, over a period of time, until both parties feel that the issue has been resolved to their satisfaction. This might be conflicts at work, among friends, among children at school, or at home. Firstly, when we want to manage disagreements, the skill of listening to both sides of the conflict and assess ing the whole situation is required, before making any decisions.Also, checking their non-verbal communication and make sure I am aware of what caused the conflict in reality. Verbal conflicts are easier to manage than physical disagreements. Secondly, I must be completely sure that both sides want and are ready to resolve the conflict. If they stay angry, or refuse to communicate, helping them to negotiate will be impossible to do. Sometimes I will talk to both sides separately, as this gives more of a clearer picture and I will make sure they are both honest.

Annotated bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Annotated bibliography - Essay Example The data was collected from a group of four students in CHIP and five students from ILAC through written reflections by the students as well as team debriefing, which was then analyzed by the authors using content analysis method. Through this method, initial coding categories were identified, which were then used to generate the main categories of the study: cultural competency, clinical reasoning, and international leadership. The findings were consistent with the hypothesis. It was discovered that the cultural immersion in international settings has significant effect on the main categories of the study, as does the experiential learning done in such settings. This, the study points out, is also consistent with previous studies done on this topic. The article points out the positive effect international programs have in student learning. The study is well documented and researched and goes to prove its hypothesis quite well. The focus group, however, was too small, and limited to two international settings only. This article seeks to document the need for cultural diversity in medical school programs. It also strives to look into what steps are being taken by Canadian universities and educators to cope with the ever changing health needs of the community that is now more diverse due to ever increasing immigration. The study gathered data about cultural diversity education through the websites of 14 English Canadian undergraduate medical schools. The data was gathered through manual and keyword search from these websites. This data was analyzed and reviewed via a set of criteria. An inter-coder reliability technique was used to ensure reliability. A tool was also developed to classify the various approaches used to include matters relating to cultural diversity during undergraduate medical education so that it could be used for future

Advertising, marketing, sales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advertising, marketing, sales - Essay Example The pervasiveness of advertising in the modern world is one of the key features of the consumerist economy. Rarely do people today make decisions on what to buy without the aid of the information provided by advertising on all forms of media. The consumer and the producer are the two parties in the exchange - and each party, on the part of the consumer, his wants and needs and the producer, on his part, the goods or services to give form to those wants and needs. Apparently, the market acts as the clearing ground for this exchange and both parties are satisfied. The role of advertising in the market is purportedly for the purpose of the consumers making informed choices on the myriad of products and services that are available. This is based on the assumption that people more or less know what they want and that producers make available to consumers as much as possible information about the product, within the framework of encapsulating the needs of the consumer. When a situation ari ses, when these assumptions are questioned, both parties are in danger - on the part of the consumers, vulnerable to undue influence or manipulation as to their needs and wants, and on the part of producers, prone to charges of exploitation and manipulation.In the article, The Dependence Effect by John Kenneth Galbraith, states that modern advertising and salesmanship are the vehicles for which production creates, not merely communicates, the needs and wants that present-day consumers come to identify as their own. He further charges more categorically that "their central function is to create desires - to bring into being wants that previously did not exist." This statement calls into question the assumption of current theory of consumer demand that rests on "independently determined desires", the primary cause that determines the effect of goods being available in the market. If the arrow of the relationship switches, with the producer, through the instruments of advertising and m arketing, becoming the creator of the cause of the demand - then the consumer buying goods, has become, rather the effect. The consumer, in this light, has become, a mere automaton, a human being stripped of his freedom, not only to choose, but more likely, inwardly, a being who has lost grip of his primary needs and wants. With the most profitable corporations in today's world, also increasingly the biggest spenders on adverting, and if the scenario of the loss of consumer of freedom holds, then human beings on a wide scale are in danger of becoming mass robots, mere puppets to satisfy the greed of corporations. Galbraith, further raises the specter of public services, becoming more and more neglected as private wants dependent on the output of producers - the case of "an implacable tendency to provide an opulent supply of some things and a niggardly yield of others." This situation, according to the author further leads to social and economic problems as consumers under the influe nce of the process of production creating more artificial desires fail to make the choice to satisfy their desires for public goods and services. Galbraith has delved into two main critiques: one that, advertising is actually involved in desire creation, rather than the purported function of providing information to the consumers; and two, that in the case of the facts - the amount spent on advertising as indicators of their big role in the production process and in creation of artificial desires, the dependency effect is an overwhelming evidence that producers or the process of production "determines" consumer demands and needs. In response to the first critique, Robert Arrington, provides a more nuanced approach to the charge of advertising controlling the buying behavior of consumers (Advertising and Behavior Control). He examines the concept of autonomy, being "complex and multifaceted". In the case of desire, being autonomous, that is coming independently from the consumer - in reality, he writes, desire can be induced, but this

Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Poem - Essay Example rtant to pronounce different words with different loudness to create necessary rhythm, and it is also possible only after reading a poem for several times. My pronunciation was rather good and developed while articulation requires more and more practice. I was not able to change the pitch, rate, and volume as fast as I needed and that is why the sense of some phrases was not clear. It is important to reread and listen to a poem for at least five times because each time adds to a meaning some special sense and finally it gives general picture of the poem. Reading the poem for the second time I indicated all the pauses, tried to speed intonation where it was necessary and tried to change the pitch and the tones of separate words. Some of the words were pronounced in a low voice some almost in whisper. My strength of vocal delivery is that I have rather good pronunciation of all the sounds while my weakness is inability to change capture I mind pronunciation, articulation, and deep understanding of the text because I switch concentration from to the other. That is why it is best to learn poems by

Regina foodbank Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regina foodbank - Research Paper Example They provide invaluable training and health services, as well as education programs. Its vision is to create a hunger free community (Regina Food Bank N.P). To live a healthy lifestyle involves being able to access affordable and nutritious food. This is easily achieved by individuals with adequate family income. Families with financial difficulties usually forego money meant for food to take care of other expenses such as medications, utilities, rent and other household needs. Food insecurity does not have boundaries no matter which part of Canada one comes from but there those who are more vulnerable than others. They include those who do not own a home, and those with low income. The Regina Food Bank recognizes such individuals in their plans for a hunger free community. Researchers have shown that food insecurity has adverse effects physically or mentally on an individual. These effects include chronic health conditions like obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. The mental effects are depression, stress and anxiety. Moreover, food insecurity negatively impacts on the children in the community. The early stages of a child development are crucial for a person, and in the advent of poor nutrition practices and food insecurity can lead impaired growth and development in the child which may be translated into poor health outcomes during their adulthood lives. Regina mission offers to avoid such problems and complications. Due to the rapid technological advancements the cost of living increases yearly and more people tend to be dependable on food banks. Regina Food Bank receives an increase in the clients it serves annually with majority of its recipients being children. Majority of its client’s primary source of income comes from social assistance. The majority of their clients’ monthly income is used for rental and food purposes which leaves little or no money for

Criminal law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal law - Assignment Example Constitutional perception of due process is particular in the law of criminal procedure because of various reasons. This is because the procedures followed lead to revelation of the proper ways of handling a certain case. Therefore, the procedures ensure that the lawyer handling a particular case follows the required guidelines for a certain case. These guidelines are actually the constitutional procedures pertaining to the dos and dons of imposing judgment for a case. The law of criminal procedure becomes easy to handle when the lawyer evaluates the process viable for a case. The three branches come from the legislature, the executive and the judiciary (Scheb, 758). The legislature concerns itself with the activities of Policing. The executive concerns itself with the duty of investigation whereas legislature carries out law enforcement investigation. These examples entail the origin of the three branches of criminal law. Grand jury and Trial juries comprise of lawyers who are qualified enough to handle the functions bestowed to the jury (Scheb, 758). Grand Jury carries out the function of investigating whether a certain case has enough evidence. The trial jury is bestowed with the function of ensuring that the right verdict for a certain case. It ensures that justice is paramount in deciding on the right penalties for a

The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake - Essay Example The Lamb is meek, vulnerable and harmless. The picture of the Lamb’s feeding â€Å"by the stream and o’er the mead† suggests God’s kindness in creation and echoes similar descriptions as seen in the Bible particularly Psalms 23, as well as the parables of Jesus. In the second stanza, Blake reminds the readers that the God who created the Lamb is also like the Lamb, considering that Jesus is known as the â€Å"Lamb of God.† The poem seems to be essentially about God’s love revealed through His care for The Lamb and the child and about the apparent paradox that God became both child and Lamb in coming, as Jesus, into the world. The image of a child is also associated with Jesus. In the Bible, Jesus shows a special preference for children. Likewise, the Bible depicts the childhood of Jesus, showing him to be guileless and vulnerable. â€Å"The Tyger† on the other hand is a poem that tells of the realities of life through the magnificence of a tiger. For generations, The Tyger has been interpreted differently but its fundamental meaning is the natural and creative energy of human life, an inspiring shape (â€Å"symmetry†) that no one should try to control. Blake’s poetry tells of the extremes of human experiences, which is richly portrayed in his poem, â€Å"The Tyger†. The tiger is fierce, active and predatory portraying the extremes of human experience. The poem encompasses the darkest forces of ignorance which are transcended by the divine, transcendental consciousness which combines both polarities of light and darkness. The questions presented in â€Å"The Tyger† are directed at the tiger as well as the reader. These are rhetorical questions because no answer is given and answers to these questions are far from obvious. Take into consideration the answer to the first question which may be â€Å"God†

Strategic position analysis and strategy evaluation of a Chinese Essay

Strategic position analysis and strategy evaluation of a Chinese organisation - Essay Example It has controlled the business desktop market and PC market with 87 percent of market purchasing desktops and 84 percent PCs from China manufacturers in 2006 (Salter, 2012). Started out in 1984, it is the largest computer manufacturer within China while second largest globally. The name Lenovo, coined in 2004, is a combination of ‘Le’, meaning ‘legend’ and ‘Novo’ which means ‘new’. As the name depicts, the new legendary organization was formed with mission to introduce new and unique products in markets (Liu, 2012). This was followed by the acquisition of the PC Division of IBM in 2005. Acquisition of a company, that was the inventor of the personal computer industry in 1981, lent credibility to Lenovo and enhanced customer exposure. In 2006, Lenovo attained and set up important investments and centers in China and launched its brands outside of China for the very first time. The entire computer business industry in China flourished from $660 billion in the year 2004 to $779 billion in 2007 (Lenovo, 2013). In this paper we critically analyze the strategic position of the company in the relevant industry as opposed to its major competitors and use different tools to assess its performance over the years. LENOVO’S STANDING IN THE INDUSTRY Lenovo deals mainly in manufacturing of laptops, desktops, ultra-books, tablet PCs and other computer accessories such as headphones, microphone, mouse, keyboard, monitors and server machines etc. It achieved a 19 percent share in the world of computers and notepads. Dell and HP account for 21% and 54% of the whole market respectively. As of today, HP is the market leader in manufacturing of PCs, followed by Lenovo, Dell and Acer (Sun, 2012). Few years back, Lenovo was a heavy loss-making concern in 2008; with turnaround performance, today it is a profitable venture flourishing as we speak. However it did so not through implementation of new strategies; instead, it focus ed on toughening the areas where it needs strength and relied on tried and trusted solutions instead of investing into new experimental measures. It is in a rapid expansion mode and has introduced a new strategy, namely ‘PC+’ whereby it shall depart from its core competence of manufacturing PCs and shall diversify horizontally into other type of devices such as mobile data technology without affecting its current products where it excels. Currently, Lenovo is the second largest manufacturer of PCs, holding 13.50% of market share after HP which holds 17.70%, and has a stable sales growth rate of 30%. However, its profits are growing less than proportionate to the industry trend. The market share of Lenovo in PCs sector is growing while those of Dell and Acer are getting lower. Analysts are of the view that soon it shall outperform HP in near future considering its growth rate of 16.6% as shown in 2011. Within China, which serves as home to Lenovo, it holds a market share of 28.80% only which is although the highest but can be easily improved through knowledge of local conditions and cost-reduction programmes. Revenue generated from Chinese markets constitute to 42% of the total sales made annually by Lenovo across the globe (Singh, 2013). The company has a lack of profitability growth which it should counter through economies of scale and innovation. Innovation has always been Lenovo’s saving grace and the amount of research and development budgets and expenditures allocated to this head define how the

Econ of Arts and Entertainment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Econ of Arts and Entertainment - Essay Example An example of such issues is the labor market issue. Using the sports industry as an example of an art related industry, this paper aims at discussing the labor market issues in the sports industry. One of the main things that attract spectators to sports is the fact that they will be able to experience some aspects of struggles that are common in human lives in a dramatic and stark way. However, economists can be attracted to sports for reasons that are different from those of the spectators. To economists they see sports as an industry with the ability to illustrate the economic principles in an attractive and interesting way. Over the years the labor aspect of the sports industry has gradually grown to become more and more complex (Burk 173). It has gotten to a place when been involved in professional sports without commercializing it is no longer attractive. This trend can be illustrated by the way soccer teams globally have to spend more on their players in order to make sure that they attract more fans which will result to more income. If a team chooses not to spend more in order to hire the best players in the market, they will be competitively disadvantaged making them less attractive. Supply and demand of labor are aspects that should be keenly observed in any industry, especially during these days of economic hardships and uncertainty. This applies to the sports industry. It is important to note that the demand for labor in the sports industry can influence that rate of payment for human labor. The payment can also vary in terms of individual mobility, racial discrimination, personal productivity, and availability of substitutes. Property rights can affect the supply of sports talent. Collective agreements like payroll caps, reverse order drafts, and revenue sharing can be used to control such forces (Rosner and Shropshire 137). Under normal

Boston Tea Party, Tea Essay Example for Free

Boston Tea Party, Tea Essay Attention Getter: You probably wouldn’t believe me if I told you that a drug that creates the same signaling activity in the brain as cocaine is sold legally on almost every street corner across the nation. This is a fact however, and the drug is caffeine. It is one of the main ingredients in coffee, and is currently the most frequently used recreational drug in the world. Establish Credibility: I personally consider myself a coffee expert, and have been drinking at least one cup of coffee almost every morning for the last three years. Relate to the audience: Now, I know not every one of you drinks coffee but as you  can tell by the multiple Dutch Bros, Starbucks, and other coffee shops around town it is a very big part of our culture today. Preview: Throughout the course of this speech, I will discuss three major points relating to coffee. First, I will give some information on the history of coffee and when it first came into human culture, followed by the positive health benefits and some of the negative health risks associated with coffee. [First of all, I’m going to talk a little bit about the historical side of coffee and how it first got popular in our culture. ] Body I. Main Point: To understand why coffee is such a big part of modern day society, we must first understand where it originated. A. Sub-point: Coffee was first cultivated on the Arabian Peninsula in the 15th century. 1. Supporting details: Not only were the Arab’s the first to cultivate coffee, but they also were the first to trade coffee. 2. By the 16th century, the popularity of coffee was already expanding and Persia, Egypt, Syria and Turkey all had discovered about the amazing beverage. Sub-point: By the 17th century coffee was still gaining notoriety around  the world, however it was still not a household favorite as it as today. 1. Supporting Details: Coffee houses started sprouting up everywhere in the 1700’s, however tea was still the most popular drink around. 2. In 1773 a heavy tax on tea was inflicted by King George, which led to a pretty famous revolt called The Boston Tea Party. 3. Since people couldn’t afford tea after the tax, coffee quickly took over as the most popular morning beverage across the world, and remains the most popular today. Although coffee has been drank for hundreds of years, the majority of its health  benefits have only recently been discovered in the last few decades. ] II. Main Point: The majority of people drink coffee just to get through each day, however it does have many positive benefits to your health. A. Sub-point: Within just the last few years alone there has been research done showing that coffee may protect against type 2 diabetes, liver cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. 1. Supporting details: According the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, liver cancer is the ninth leading cause of cancer and coffee has been shown to reduce risk of liver cancer by 40%. 2. Drinking coffee reduces the risk of diabetes as well, which is a common risk factor of liver cancer. B. Sub-point: One of the other medical uses of coffee is in preventing Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. 1. Supporting details: The most common neurodegenerative disease and number 1 cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s. 2. There is no cure for Alzheimer’s, however it has been shown that coffee drinkers have up to a 65% lower risk of getting the disease. [You might be thinking coffee is a miracle drink after some of those statistics, however it also has many negative effects on health as well. ] III. Main Point: There are a great deal of health issues that can result from drinking coffee, with some of the most common being addiction, insomnia and increased blood pressure. A. Sub-point: As a college student, one of the last things you will ever want to experience is insomnia, but it is a regular side effect of coffee. 1. Supporting details: By blocking certain receptors in the brain, coffee prevents chemicals that induce sleep from being used. B. Sub-point: Another widely studied effect of coffee, specifically caffeine, is how addictive it is. 1. Supporting details: Caffeine stimulates the central nervous  system and regular use will result in a physical dependence. 2. If a regular coffee drinker doesn’t have their daily cup, they will feel fatigued, irritable, and experience headaches within the first 24 hours. Conclusion 1. Transition Signal: In conclusion, coffee isn’t for everyone but if you do choose to consume it, you at least now know how it affects you. 2. Summary of Main Points: Throughout this speech we looked at how coffee first gained popularity in the human race, some of it’s positive health benefits as well as some of the negatives. 3. Call to Action: Even if you’ve never been a fan of coffee, try drinking a cup  before your next study session and see if you still don’t like it. 4. Memorable end: Although it may be addicting and cause serious potential health problems, there must be something special about coffee considering over half of adults in the U. S. drink it daily. References: 1) Coffee Acts Just like Cocaine, Says Scientist. BeverageDaily. com. Beverage Daily, 02 Sept. 2002. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 2) Goldschein, Eric. 11 Incredible Facts About The Global Coffee Industry. Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc, 14 Nov. 2011. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 3) Gunnars, Kris. 13 Proven Health Benefits of Coffee Authority Nutrition. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 4) The History Of Coffee. National Coffee Association. NCA, n. d. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 5) Stromberg, Joseph. This Is How Your Brain Becomes Addicted to Caffeine. Smithsonian. N. p. , 9 Aug. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2014. 6) Van Dam, Rob. Ask the Expert: Coffee and Health. The Nutrition Source. Harvard School of Public Health, n. d. Web. 09 Nov. 2014. 7) Weber, Belinda. Coffee Consumption Cuts Liver Cancer Risk. Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, 22 Oct. 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. .

Women Awareness Of Emancipation Sociology Essay

Women Awareness Of Emancipation Sociology Essay The questionnaires were distributed in different regions in order to target a large number of women with different types of lifestyles. The reason was to get different views from women from different horizons having different backgrounds. Women from different age groups have their own opinion on women emancipation, and each segment needed to taken into consideration. This difference in opinion is mainly due to the gap between different generations as facilities offered to them were not same. Youngsters were more easily accessible for the survey and were more interested in giving some of their time. They were more common to the term Emancipation of Women. The interviewees were met at their workplace, on university campus and at their home mainly. Women awareness of Emancipation There was a high rate of positive response in the overall result. As illustrated above 68 % of the respondents were aware of emancipation. This shows that emancipation affects lives of many Mauritian women. Emancipated women show some confidence and are less submissive. Youngest women were more aware of emancipation; this was proved by their high rate of positive response (81% for 18-25 age group and 87% for the 26-35 age group). Those who knew more about emancipation were mainly those who have been to school or those who are working, or women having an active social life. These women appear more confident and less submissive. Although their numbers were lower, the elder women gave mainly negative answers. In fact, the 46-over group age gave more than 50% of negative replies in their answers. This is so as the elderly do not see that emancipation has an impact on their lives itself. They are already grown up enough to change their life styles. Some of them said that they devote their time in looking after their offspring rather than doing things for themselves. All women who knew about emancipation were able to tell that it has brought many changes in the way women are living today. As illustrated above, 67 % of women believed that emancipation had an impact on women and only 33 % were against this particular view. Those who answered yes are mostly responding in accordance about what they are achieving in their lives through as an emancipated woman. So women were asked to describe this emancipation in a word or short phrase. The most used words to characterise emancipation are given below: Women are foreseen as a decision maker in the family. Whereas long ago they had only to agree to the will of their husbands, 13.6% of interviewers think women now take part in all important decisions like, what stuff to buy, or decision like having a baby or not. Women emancipation has also bring along with it equality between women and man. This is why 17.6% of women interrogated believed that they had equal rights as man. Indeed, nowadays, according to the equal and opportunities act, specify that no discrimination should be made between men and women. With 22.4% of women answering that emancipation made them independent, this was the highest rate obtained for the survey. Women feel that emancipation brought them freedom of movements and actions. They are now able to launch themselves in any field they want and make their own decisions. 8.8% of women think that emancipation gave rise to new laws protecting women rights. And these laws have been made by act of parliaments and enforced by courts. So any person, who is found trespassing the right of a woman, can be sued in court and risk fines and imprisonment. Women have now evaluated according to 5.6% of replies obtained in the survey. This evolution can be noticed by women now dressing them differently but also act differently in the society. Women are now well known and express their views. Where long ago they had no social life, today women are able to participate and animate social groups. In order to support the women emancipation, women education should not be neglected as it was long ago, where mainly boys were sent to school, while girls had to stay at home and do household jobs. But nowadays, more and more women are able to go to school, and the stereotypes of the past seem to have faded away. From results of the survey, we noticed that every woman interviewed went to school, and many even went through tertiary education. Results are illustrated in the graphs below: Most women questioned were able to say that the quality of education being offered to girls at school has increased. This quality may be quantified by the fact that girls work better than boys at school. The table below illustrates values obtained from the Central Statistic Office. Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Primary Completion 70.7 70.1 69.2 73.8 71.5 Male% 65.3 66.1 64.5 68.6 66.1 Female % 76.3 74.0 74.0 79.2 77.2 Certificate of Primary Education Pass Rate 66.2 67.4 68.1 68.5 68.6 Male % 60.1 62.1 62.3 63.1 62.7 Female % 72.7 73.2 74.5 74.4 74.9 For several years, we notice that girls work better than boys. This is due to the fact that equal chances are offered to both sexes. When questioned about the facilities offered to boys and girls, respondents replied that both sexes are offered same treatment. The level of education involving women can also be illustrated by the fact that most respondents in the survey are well qualified women. More than one quarter of them has reached at least HSC level. However it can be noticed that female are more concerned about education and their future success nowadays due to the fact that they do not want to depend on any one. Career prospect has become the priority of almost all women. The high level of education of women will therefore channel them for equal chances as men at work. They will have the possibility even to rule other men as they are qualified enough to do the job. Women are no more only housewives, while their husbands go to work to feed the family. There is growing motivation in women to have a job and be independent. The majority of the respondent agreed that in major sectors of the industry, women are offered same chances as their male homologues. We can see women emerging in new sectors, and they are no longer present in the only sector which was mostly in industries. Long ago it would have been impossible because of stereotypes and prejudices which they will have to bear. According to the study, 35% which forms the majority earns Rs 10000 to 20000. It shows that these women are not working in industries and fields as in such work they will not be earning this income. This shows that women has been emancipated in the job sector as at first it was industrialisation which gives rise to emancipation. The emancipation of women has not only affected their life at work, but also their status in the family also changed. As shown above, 89% of answerers think that women position in the family has changed. This is so as nowadays women are not the only one doing the entire task at home as they are being helped by the husband. 52% even answered that these changes were significant. Women have same power and same rights as their husband, brothers, or even as a family leader. In the sample of people taken for the survey, we can see women participation as a decision maker at home in 71% of the replies. 21% even think that women are decision makers at home, because for them, generally, men only go to work, but its their wives who manage the budget for the month and even for the choices of equipments for the house. When women were asked on the survey what changes emancipation brought to their lives, the most frequent answer was being independent. 25% of women think they are more independent while other frequent replies were equality with men which came 20% of the time, and 18% think they are now decision makers. The most frequent answers have been selected and presented below. Feeling more independent, women can now do all kind of activities apart from work and household tasks. So women are more involved in social groups. 53% of women interrogated practice any kind of social activity. From results obtained from the survey, we notice that a slightly lower amount of women questioned being married. This value is smaller than if survey was done years before because of youngsters not getting married early in these days. They prefer a more liberal relationship before choosing whom to marry. The amount of forced marriage has decreased with women emancipation. Young ladies rights are more and more taken into consideration and they are able to choose between marriage and studies for example. However, we notice that women do not practice enough sport, as we can see that only one third of women questioned actually practiced a sport activity. The main reason for this low rate is mainly due to lack of time. After work women feel that they have no time for sport as some attend tertiary education after working hours. Sport has greatly contribute to revolutionise the status, image and even character of women, thus challenging a whole set of traditional and cultural attitudes about womens position and role in society. With the increasing globalisation of sport, advances made in training and in womens sport in general in Mauritius, encourage the development of new sports, increasing women involvement, and breaking down stereotypes. The impact of the Olympic Games in demonstrating the global participation of women in sport is highlighted. At every Olympic games, Mauritius had female representatives in the games. From the survey, respondents were more than 4/5 saying that practicing sport was a new way for emancipation as it opens new doors and provide several alternatives to women to sound the world the way they like. Women are now able to become as good as men in sport.

Growth of life insurance in India

Growth of life insurance in India Abstract The paper examines the relationship between economic growth and life insurance. In this context, we study contributions made by some authors across international and Indian domains. The literature review begins with examining the work done in the international context by Arena (2008) and Zheng (2008). Arena (2008) examines the causal effect of insurance on economic growth in a cross-country study. Zheng (2008) attempt to develop comprehensive paradigms for an international insurance comparison. In the Indian context, we examine the work done by Sadhak (2008) and Sinha (2005). Sadhak (2008) analyses the relationship between insurance and the macroeconomy. Sinha (2005) gives a crisp account of insurance in India since pre-independence times. The paper wraps up with an examination of the Malhotra Committee report. The effect of liberalization on the growth of life insurance in India It is a commonly held belief that there is a strong interrelationship between insurance and the macroeconomy. Thus the objective of this review paper is to understand the factors that contribute to growth of life insurance. Skipper (1997) highlights how insurance aids economic development in seven ways: First, it promotes financial stability. Second, it substitutes for government security programs. Third, it facilitates trade and commerce. Fourth, it mobilizes national savings. Fifth, it enables risk to be managed more efficiently. Sixth, insurers and reinsurers have economic incentives to help insureds reduce losses. Seventh, it fosters a more efficient allocation of a countrys capital. Literature Review This literature review consists of four sections: I. Cross country study and a new paradigm. II. Insurance and the Macroeconomy in India. III. Progress of Insurance in India. IV. The Malhotra Committee report. I. Cross country study and a new paradigm Economic theory suggests that there is an interaction between insurance and the macroeconomy: growth in insurance promotes economic growth by giving support to savings that can be funnelled into the capital market. On the other hand, high economic growth will lead to demand for insurance. †¢ Arena (2008) Objective The objective of Arenas paper is to study the effect of insurance on economic growth. Hypothesis Considering the increased activity in insurance markets, in the recent decades, Arena hypothesizes that there is going to be an effect of insurance markets on economic growth. He expects to find a causal relationship between insurance market activity and economic growth; further there should be evidence of complementarity between insurance and banking as well as insurance and the stock market activity. Methodology Arena uses the generalized method of moments (GMM) for dynamic models of panel data that were developed by Arellano and Bond (1991) and Arellano and Bover (1995). The general regression equation to be estimated is: Yi,t = ÃŽ ²Xi,t + ÃŽ ¼ t + ÃŽ ·i + ÃŽ ¾i,t where subscripts i and t are country and time period; Y is the dependent variable representing economic growth; X is a set of time and country-varying explanatory variables, proxies of banking, stock market and insurance market development and interaction terms; ÃŽ ² is the vector of coefficients to be estimated; ÃŽ ¼t is an unobserved time-specific effect; ÃŽ ·i is an unobserved country specific effect, and ÃŽ ¾ is the error term. Control variables include average rate of secondary school enrolment for human capital investment; average inflation rate to account for monetary discipline; average growth of the terms of trade ratio and the average ratio of government consumption to GDP as a measure of government burden. papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/4098.pdf? Banking sector development is observed by using the ratio of bank claims on the private sector divided by the GDP. Stock market development is observed by taking the turnover ratio. For explanatory variables of insurance market development, life and non-life insurance premiums are used as proxies. This was done given the absence of consistent time series data for the ratio of financial investments to GDP, that captures their role as institutional investors. Data He takes a pooled data set consisting of 56 countries grouped under the World Bank classification of High income, Middle income and Low income categories. There are 6 non overlapping five year periods over 1976-2004. The data was taken from the Swiss Re database. Results a) The Linear effects For exposition, we take one of the equations for a linear effect. The equation is framed below: Y = 0.162*** 0.015X1*** -0.003X2 + 0.025X3*** + 0.138X4 ***+ 0.501X5 * 2.206X6*** 0.003X7*** + 0.043X8 ***+ 0.055X9*** *** significance at 1% ** significance at 5% * significance at 10% Here, Y is the dependent variable representing average rate of real per capita GDP growth. The equation is dynamic as it includes the initial level of per capita GDP as an explanatory variable. The equation has various explanatory variables and various control variables. X1 represents the log of initial GDP per capita; X2 represents private credit to GDP; X3 represents stock market turnover; X 4 represents life and non life insurance to GDP; X 5 represents the degree of openness; X 6 represents government consumption; X 7 represents inflation; X 8 represents the terms of trade; X 9 represents school enrolment. Source? Coefficient for initial level of per capita GDP is negative as expected growth rates are inversely related to initial levels of GDP per capita. Coefficient of private credit to GDP is negative. However, the result is not significant. The coefficient of stock market activity is positive. This is because liquid equity markets make investment less risky and more attractive, by allowing savers to acquire an asset (equity) and to sell it quickly and cheaply if they need access to their savings. The coefficient of government spending is negative. This gives support to studies that show that beyond a certain level, government spending does not have a positive effect on the economy. The coefficient of inflation is negative. This is expected, since inflation leads to uncertainty about future profitability of investment projects, reduces international competitiveness and distorts borrowing and lending. The coefficient of degree of openness is positive. This is because trade promotes a competitive environment which leads to efficient resource allocation; this promotes growth. The coefficient of degree of terms of trade is positive. This is because a high terms of trade increases returns to producers. This in turn raises investment, promoting economic growth. The coefficient for human capital is positive. This is because economic development depends on advances in technological and scientific knowledge. Further, the author analyses in terms of income group of the countries. He finds that in case of life insurance, the conclusions for the linear effect of insurance on economic growth would hold good only for high income countries. This is because he finds the coefficient on life insurance for developing countries as not significant. In case of non life insurance, the author finds that his conclusion for linear effect of insurance on economic growth hold good for both high income and developing countries. b) Non Linear effects. For life insurance, the coefficients of the linear and quadratic term are positive but not significant; for non-life, the coefficient for the linear term is negative but not significant while the coefficient for the quadratic term is positive but not significant. c) Complementarities In case of interaction between insurance variables and private credit the coefficient of interaction term is negative and significant. This suggests that banking sector and insurance (life and non-life premiums to GDP) are substitutes than complements. In case of interaction between stock market turnover and insurance variables, the coefficient of interaction term is negative. This suggests that stock market and insurance ( life and non-life premiums to GDP) are substitutes than complements. However, the author notes that the results are contradictory and exist due to collinearity issues. Findings The important finding of the paper is that both life and non-life insurance have a positive and significant causal effect on economic growth. Further, high income countries drive the results in case of life insurance. On the other hand, both high income and developing countries drive the results in case of non-life insurance. †¢ Zheng (2008) The objective of this paper is to build a new paradigm for international insurance comparison. The paper has two parts : a) Constructing the Benchmark Ratio of insurance penetration. b) Decomposing growth rates by a ‘Trichotomy. a) The Benchmark Ratio of Insurance Penetration (B.R.I.P) Zheng (2008) consider the insurance industry as one of economic segments whose growth is related to the level of economic development. Just as insurance ‘density is an adjustment to premium income by considering the population factor, and just as insurance ‘penetration is adjustment of insurance density by the GDP per capita, the BRIP is an adjustment of penetration by a ‘benchmark level of world average penetration at that countrys economic development stage. Thus, the Benchmark Ratio of Insurance Penetration (B.R.I.P) gives the penetration level of the country, in relation to the world average insurance penetration at a countrys economic level : The numerator is the penetration level of the country. The denominator comprises of the logistic function. The logistic model for insurance penetration was given by Enz (2000), who described that insurance penetration and GDP per capita are related by an S shaped curve. Zheng (2008) term it as the ‘ordinary growth model. Note that the S curve is a logistic function represented by Y= 1/(C1+C2.C3x) , where, C1 C2 and C3 are the three parameters and X is growth rate. Zheng (2008) describes the benchmark penetration as premiums divided by GDP: Y = premium / G.D.P.= 1 / (C1+C2.C3x), where, Y is insurance penetration, X is the independent variable real GDP per capita. C1 ,C2 and C3 are the three parameters of the logistic function. The normal case of penetration increasing as real GDP per capita increases, is when C3 A pooled dataset comprising of 95 countries and regions over the last 27 years (1980-2008) was taken from the Sigma database of Swiss Re. On this basis, the estimates of the BRIP for world life insurance, non-life insurance and the insurance industry aggregate are got by plotting the regression curves for life, non-life and insurance industry aggregate. As seen in the diagram above, the regression curves resemble the shape of the letter ‘S, S-curve model. The insurance penetration rises with the GDP per capita. Further, various levels of GDP per capita have different growth rates of insurance penetration: at low levels of GDP per capita, the growth rate of insurance penetration is relatively slow. However, as the GDP per capita rises, the growth rate of insurance penetration also increases. However, after a certain level, the insurance penetration tends to plateau. Thus, if BRIP =1, it means that countrys actual penetration is equal to the world average penetration at that economic development stage. If BRIP 1, the actual penetration is greater than world average level. The world average level of penetration is given by the relevant S curve. Zheng (2008) find that rankings of the insurance industries of developed countries under B.R.I.P descend compared to the ranks got by using traditional indicators; similarly, the rankings of emerging countries under B.R.I.P rise compared to the ranks got by using traditional indicators. b). Decomposing growth rates by ‘Trichotomy The authors now modify the ‘ordinary growth model by a ‘Trichotomy of decomposing growth. For attempting the Trichotomy, the ordinary growth model has to be modified to bring out the effects of the economic and institutional factors. This is done by modifying the ordinary model by including country specific dummies which include like the legal system, culture, religion, social security on the insurance growth. Growth is decomposed into ‘Regular growth, ‘Deepening growth and ‘Institutional growth. ‘Regular growth measures the insurance growth that happens while keeping the insurance penetration unchanged, i.e., premiums/GDP are increasing at the same pace. This arises out of economic factors. ‘Deepening growth caused by the increase of insurance penetration induced by economic growth. This also arises out of economic factors. ‘Institutional Growth is the residual that remains after the economic factors of growth, (represented by the Regular and Deepening growth) are deducted from deducted from the overall aggregate growth. It is caused by institutional factors that are country specific such as legal system, culture, religion etc. After performing the decomposition by using the ‘adjusted growth model, the authors show that insurance growth in developed countries is mainly driven by economic factors (i.e., regular and deepening), while institutional factors act as the major driving power for the insurance growth in emerging countries. The authors remark that institutional aspects facilitate growth of the private insurance industry especially in case of developing countries. However, as the economy develops, the contribution of the institutional factors to the insurance growth gradually decreases; the economic factors begin to play a more active role in driving the insurance growth. Finally, in case of developed countries, the social security system is well developed. This acts as a substitute for insurance. As such, insurance growth is hindered. The authors conclude the following: Firstly, there should be recognition of insurance growth level of each country or region, relative to their own stage of development, as given by BRIP; Secondly, insurance growth in developed countries is driven by economic factors while in emerging countries is driven by institutional factors. Thirdly, as an economy develops, the contribution of institutional factors would gradually decrease and economic factors play a greater role. Consequently the emerging countries should upgrade its growth strategy to attain sustainable development. II. Insurance and the Macroeconomy in India †¢ Sadhak (2006) Sadhaks paper is on the relationship between demand for life insurance and macroeconomic variables of growth. These are GDP, domestic savings, household financial savings and disposable income. Sadhak expects to find a continued preference for insurance, given the strong economic performance of the Indian economy in the post liberalization period. He remarks that although the savings are increasing (Table I) there is a decline in life insurance savings in India as a proportion of savings (Table II). (Table I): (Table II) The author finds a decline in the overall savings as a percentage of personal disposable income from a high of 14.5% in 1950-51 to a low of 3.6% in 2002-03. However, it must be mentioned here that the author does not cite the source of data which he used to arrive at this conclusion; he merely says that personal disposable income can be arrived at after deduction of payment of direct taxes and other miscellaneous receipts of the government. A detailed examination of how Sadhak (2006) got this result is required. This increased diversion of funds leaves a small amount to be saved and consequently affects the growth of life insurance funds. Hence, life insurance funds have failed to keep pace with PDY. Sadhak (2006) opines that the opening of the market has not provided much momentum to growth of the industry. He sums up the article by remarking that a spread of financial literacy, awareness of financial risk management, and customer focused service management could help create the required demand for the Indian life insurance industry. III. The progress of insurance in India The objective of Sinha (2005) is to examine the Indian insurance industry. He structures his article into evolution of insurance in the pre nationalization era and the nationalized era. †¢ Evolution under the pre nationalization era Sinha (2005) feels that the pre independence time is of importance, as developments of the period culminated in the landmark Insurance Act of 1938. During the pre-independence period, the pioneering European companies did not initially ensure the lives of Indians; when they did, it was done at rates that were nearly 20% more, compared to the European rates! He notes that such discrimination was practiced by European companies even in other markets like Latin America. The initial period was marked by an absence of regulation on the insurance companies, except for compliance to Companies Act (1866). The Swadeshi Movement from 1905 lead to emergence of many indigenous companies. This necessitated a need for legislations specific to the Indian companies. Legislative controls were extended on foreign companies much later. The Insurance Act of 1938 was a comprehensive legislation the covered life and non life business. It covered deposits, supervision of insurance companies, investments, commissions of agents. Unfortunately, the act lost its importance in the post independence nationalization wave of the country. The act was reinstated only after the opening up of the markets in 1999. However, necessary modifications were done. Non revision of Mortality tables was a hallmark of this era. Sinha (2005) notes that tables based on the British experience during 1863-1893 were used. To further worsen the situation, the ratings were increased by seven years for Indians! Indian tables emerged much later, based on the experience of 1905-25. The Life Insurance Corporation revised these in the 70s! †¢ Evolution during nationalized era Sinha (2005) asks two very important questions to bring out rationale for nationalization: First, why did the Government nationalize life insurance in 1956? Further, why was general insurance not nationalized at the same time? Regarding the first question, he gives interesting insight that comes out of a document given by H.D. Malaviya of the Congress that justifies nationalization on the following grounds: First, that it is by nature, a ‘cooperative enterprise; thus the government should run it on behalf of the people. Secondly, the Indian companies were claimed to be excessively expensive. Third, private competition could not improve the sales to the public. Fourth, the lapse rates were said to be high, leading to national waste. He then analyses the speech made by finance minister C.D. Deshmukh. Its examination leads the Sinha (2005) to conclude that the main rationale for nationalization of insurance was to bring out a social orientation of resources and also to increase market penetration. For the second question, concerning delay in nationalization of non life insurance, Sinha (2005) examines the speech made by finance minister C. D. Deshmukh. He saw ‘general insurance as a part and parcel of the private sector not affecting the individual citizen It seems to as if the government emphasized the elimination of uncertainty through insurance as a relatively minor benefit! Moving forward, Sinha (2005) touches on rural insurance. The Government had specific hopes from rural insurance. Specifically, it was reaching into hitherto neglected rural areas. Sinha (2005) mentions that to promote rural insurance, the Life Insurance Corporation followed a segmented approach for marketing. It involved targeting the rural wealthy with regular policies and offering group policies to people who could not afford individual policies. Sinha (2005) takes the rural insurance drive to be a success for three reasons. Firstly, from 1980 onwards the proportion of policies sold in rural areas stated to increase, i.e., headcount for rural areas has gone up; Secondly, in terms of value of policies sold, the total value of all policies sold in rural areas has not gone up beyond 40%. This fact along with declining headcount implies that more policies were sold in the rural areas with a smaller average value. The author gives reasons for nationalization of general insurance business. First, the subsidiary companies were expected to â€Å"set up standards of conduct and sound practices† Second, the General Insurance Corporation was to help with ‘controlling their expenses. Third, it was to help with the investment of funds. Fourth, it was to bring in general insurance in the rural areas of the country. Fifth, the General Insurance Corporation was also designated the National Reinsurer. By law, all domestic insurers were to cede 20% of the gross direct premium in India to the General Insurance Corporation. The idea was to retain as much risk as possible domestically to minimize the expenditure on foreign exchange. Sixth, all the four subsidiaries were supposed to compete with one another. Sinha (2005) observes that the above goals were scarcely met. For instance, though various schemes were introduced in rural areas, like crop insurance and cattle insurance, they could not expa nd their business. Coming to the analysis of General insurance business, Sinha (2005) finds that general insurance business in India is a much smaller. Even in this, fire insurance (in terms of premium earned) accounted for about a quarter of all business. Marine insurance has shrunk to under 10% by 2001. Interestingly, the ‘miscellaneous component is 68% of the general insurance market. This is the unfortunate outcome of the Insurance Act of 1938 which stipulated whatever cannot be classed as life insurance or fire insurance or marine insurance is put as ‘miscellaneous. Thus, the biggest component of general insurance motor insurance is lumped with a range of other general insurance such as aviation, engineering and crop insurance! Even the profitability of General insurance business is lesser in terms of premium, motor insurance accounts for around 54% of premium income. The Tariff Advisory Committee has been unwilling to revise motor premium upward for political reasons. This leads to mounting loss in motor insurance for general insurance companies. The article concludes with a detailed discussion of the current state of the market. Sinha (2005) feels that India is a very important emerging insurance market. He identifies the major drivers to be a sound economic base, a rising middle-income class, an improving regulatory framework and rising risk awareness. The changes in regulation shall be crucial to ensure future growth. IV. The Malhotra Committee Report In 1993, the first step towards insurance sector reforms was initiated with the formation of the Malhotra Committee, headed by former RBI Governor R.N. Malhotra. The committee was formed to evaluate the Indian insurance industry and recommend its future direction with the objective of complementing the reforms initiated in the financial sector. The resolution highlights how the committee was formed for â€Å"creating an efficient and competitive financial system† and how the government saw â€Å"insurance as an important part of the overall financial system and felt the needs for similar reforms in this sector†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The other members of the committee were R Narayanan, former chairman, LIC; R.K. Daruwala, the former chairman of GIC; S.K. Dave, the chairman of UTI R. Ramakrishna, President, Actuarial Society of India; Deepak Parekh and M.P. Modi, Special Secretary, Insurance. Indeed, the committee was well represented by eminent personalities from the financial sector. The principal terms of reference for the committee were quite comprehensive: to examine the institutional structure for creating an efficient and viable insurance industry; suggesting changes in the structure of the industry; review of the regulatory framework and to give specific suggestions for the LIC and GIC. The methodology for working of the committee was through constitution of working groups from senior executives of the LIC and GIC to analyze the practice of insurance in India. The committee met various interest groups and opinion leaders, which was preceded by circulation of questionnaire. Lastly, there was engagement of Market research agency to elicit popular perceptions about insurance. The committee made all effort to understand what an average Indian wanted from this process of liberalization. For instance, the objective of the Market Action Research Group survey was to get the perceptions of the population. It did so by means of a questionnaire which consisted of two parts life and General Insurance. In life insurance, there were 14 questions relating to the operations and future growth areas. It was circulated to 412 renowned persons and organizations that comprised of chairmen of industrial and cooperative organizations, academicians, businessmen, union leaders from all par ts of India for eliciting their views. Questions ranging from ‘What have been the achievements of LIC? to ‘Should there be private insurance companies? were asked. We analyse the report in three parts a) Life insurance b) Non-life insurance c) Regulatory issues a) Life Insurance: The findings that emerged from consultations of the working groups and survey committees revealed that Life Insurance coverage was expensive. The returns were significantly lower due to excessive dictated investments. The committee prescribed that the LIC should move on from conservative portfolio management and take advantage of market returns. The committee remarked that emphasis should be shifted from `security of capital to maximising the yield on the total investment. The investment regulations suggested by the committee are given below: Life insurance Type of Investment Percentage I. Government Securities 25% II. Government Securities or other approved securities (including I) above Not less than 50% III. Approved Investments as specified in Schedule I Infrastructure and Social Sector Not less than 15% Others to be governed by Exposure / Prudential Norms

Essays --

As a growing phenomenon Word of Mouth has evolved as one of the most influential source of marketing. Word of mouth can simply be defined as any business action that earns a customer recommendation, it’s what companies use to gain a sense of interest by a consumer that cause them to experience and share. Word of mouth builds brands, increases sales, and builds conversations both consumer to consumer and consumer to brand. It is believed that the power of Word of mouth would only increase in the coming years as people become more interconnected through social media. Word of mouth relies fundamentally on people trusting you, as a medium of Word of Mouth, it’s basically about real people and when real people trust you and they love what you do, they are going to tell their friends. Delivering the best product in a category, providing great customer experience, and rewarding customer loyalty are all business actions that earns customer recommendations. Recommendations are important to marketers, because when a recommendation is earned it indicates preference from a customer, leads to purchase and a strong probability that the customer will tell others through word of mouth. The most effective word of mouth marketing follows five principals which are Credible, respectful, social, measurable and repeatable. Credible word of mouth is honest and authentic messages from brand to customers and from customers to customers. Respectable word of mouth is responsible and trustworthy behavior as it relates to privacy matters between brand and their consumers. Social word of mouth involves brand listening, participating, responding and engaging in conversations online and offline. Measurable word of mouth is the ability to evaluate, monitor and ... ...n an easy disclosure you’re basically free and clear. So how does a company go about building a kind of trust that would make Word of Mouth work well? First and foremost it depends on the company is the basic answer but this does require a couple fundamental and philosophical changes in how a company runs its business. They have to first stop doing things which are deceptive, treat customers well, realize that customer service is not an expense item and that customer service is the core of their Word of Mouth engine. Companies need to rethink why customers buy from them, which is simply because they are liked and so are their products. Being remarkable and earning respect is not achieved by making a bigger bottle, having a super sale or investing in a super bowl ad but to just gain a character that consumers adore and would like to tell the world about.

Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide :: essays research papers

Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide Date: Aim: The aim of this experiment was to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. Equipment:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Balance  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Crucible and lid  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bunsen burner  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Magnesium ribbon (0.2g)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Steel wool  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Crucible tongs  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pipe clay triangle  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tripod Procedure: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obtain a clean, dry crucible and lid, then heat them for approximately 5 minutes over a Bunsen burner 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clean the surface of a 20 cm strip of magnesium ribbon using steel wool 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coil the magnesium ribbon, so that it fits into the crucible 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weigh crucible and lid on a balance, and record the mass 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Place magnesium ribbon into crucible, replace the lid and weigh once more 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heat the crucible and its content with the lid off until the magnesium begins to glow 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Replace the lid and heat the crucible strongly 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Continue to heat the crucible, occasionally lifting the lid with tongs to provide oxygen for the reaction 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When all magnesium has reacted, remove the lid and heat strongly for 5 minutes 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Replace crucible lid and allow to cool 11.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reweigh the crucible with its contents and lid Observations: Once the magnesium was in the crucible and was being heated by the Bunsen burner, it glowed for a brief time. It then caught fire before the lid was placed on top. When it came into contact with the oxygen, the magnesium started glowing extremely bright, and intensely white. The glow became orange after some time. The magnesium ribbon then turned white. Results: Mass of crucible and lid  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  29.9 g Mass of crucible, lid and magnesium  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30.1 g Mass of magnesium  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.2 g Mass of crucible, lid and magnesium oxide  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30.3 g Mass of magnesium oxide  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.4 g Mass of oxygen combined with magnesium   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.2 g Questions: 1. a) The mass of magnesium which reacted was 0.2 grams. b) The mass of oxygen that combined with the magnesium was 0.2 g. 2. What is the empirical formula of magnesium oxide? Mg0.2 g0.224.310.0080.0081=2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  O0.2 g0.2160.01250.0081.56 =3 Thus the empirical formula of Magnesium Oxide is Mg O . 3. Why are the crucible and lid heated at the beginning of the experiment before being weighed? The crucible and lid are heated at the beginning of the experiment before being weighed so that any moisture in the crucible is burned away. Moisture is heavy, and thus it can change the results of the experiment, as we only want the weight of magnesium and the magnesium oxide. 4. What are the possible sources of error in this experiment? Possible sources of error in this experiment include the inaccuracy of measurements, as correct measurements are vital for the experiment. The loss of magnesium oxide smoke can also be counted as a possible source of error: if you should lose some of the smoke, there would be a less amount of magnesium oxide than expected at the end of the experiment.

Mobile Maintenance Management Essay -- condition monitoring, mobile com

Since the early 2000s the manufacturing industry has trended towards employing preventive maintenance methodologies in production areas in order to maintain a competitive advantage. Industries have used a process called â€Å"condition monitoring† to identify critical equipment parameters such as temperature, vibration and visual inspection characteristics such as leaks and abnormal noise to predict and prevent mechanical failure. This process moves the concept of maintenance away from a tactic of â€Å"fail and fix† to an optimal approach of â€Å"predict and prevent†. This approach "saves time, money and resources" by providing companies with a conditioned-based status of critical operational equipment, and thus promotes optimal repair, downtime and shut-down planning. To accurately capture condition-based equipment information, a data asset collection system is used. This system usually consists of a front-end mobile device such as a handheld and a back-end data storage system: i.e. SQL database server. Due to the hazardous environments present in many operational areas of manufacturing plants, the handheld devices used by field operators to capture data have to be intrinsically sealed to prevent explosions. This intrinsically safe characteristic is referred to in industry as â€Å"Class I Division(Div.) 1† and until recently was limited to rugged smaller handheld type devices. Within the past year, manufacturers in the oil industry have developed and certified intrinsically safe covers for both android and iPad tablets. This development has opened a new avenue for condition-monitoring data collection with tablets, which provide several advantages over the typically lower performing handhelds. These advantages include a larger scree... ... IOS and Android platforms. These resolutions will result in the widespread use of tablets in hazardous industry areas. Works Cited A. Arnaiz, C. Emmanouilidis, B. Iung and E. Jantunen. Mobile maintenance management. Journal of International Technology and Information Management 15(4), pp. 11. 2006. Available: https://login.ezproxy.etsu.edu:3443/login?url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/205859467?accountid=10771. Joà «lle Courrech, and Ronald L. Eshleman. "Condition monitoring of machinery." Shock and Vibration Handbook. McGraw-Hill (1995). C. Emmanouilidis, S. Katsikas and C. Giordamlis. Wireless condition monitoring and maintenance management: A review and a novel application development platform. Presented at Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Engineering Asset Management and Intelligent Maintenance Systems Conference (WCEAM-IMS 2008). 2008,.

Obstacles Teachers May Face Essay

In any education setting, teachers will come across a wide variety of obstacles throughout their career. These obstacles will differ in each and every classroom, depending on students’ social, cultural and ethnic background. It is vitally important as a teacher to overcome these obstacles to ensure that the students within your class are able to gain the highest possible outcomes, a quality education and enjoyment from their schooling. Some of the many obstacles that a teacher may face in a classroom setting include development abilities both academically and socially, behaviour problems and unmotivated students. Students can differ from one another in several aspects, including age, mental ability, personal achievement, ethnic background, psychosocial development and cognitive development. These differences can affect how classroom learning happens (Snowman & Biheler, 2003). Children develop at different rates this is usually a result of different measures of intelligence, social interaction with peers and personal development. Whether it is physical, mental or emotional each student will differ, and this will also depend on their up bringing, prior knowledge, family circumstances and innate knowledge. Social and emotional development problems will result in the student finding it hard to create relationships and develop learning skills with his or her peers and educators. Intellectual development, communication and speech difficulties will affect student’s concentration, memory, communication and understandings of certain tasks (BTEC First Children’s care, n. d). As a result of children developing differentl, it is vitally important for educators to track and maintain an understanding of how each student is progressing through out the year, this will result in not only being of benefit for the student but also the teacher. According to Vygotsky, for the curriculum to be developmentally appropriate, the teacher must plan activities that encompass not only what children are capable of doing on their own but what they can learn with the help of others in group settings (Eggen & Kauchak, 2010). Therefore, by creating learning activities that are in learners’ zones of proximal development, and providing instructional scaffolding to support learning and development will accommodate the children by helping them gain a better understanding of the task at hand (Eggen & Kauchak, 2010). In saying this, this will ensure that the ducator is working to their full potential and ensuring that the students are getting the highest quality education. Positive reinforcement is the process of increasing the frequency or duration of a behaviour as the result of presenting a reinforcer. Therefore, offering positive reinforcement will increase and maintain the probability that a particular behaviour will be repeated. There are many different types of reinforcers that can be used to increase behaviours, but it is significant to note that the type of reinforcer used depends on the individual and the situation. While gold stars and tokens might be very effective reinforcement for a second-grader, they are not going to have the same effect with a high school or college student (Cherry, n. d). Also, if your students finish their work on time and have been successfully completing their work you may give them an early mark for lunch play, the students will eventually come to understand that finishing their work on time results in a rewards, therefore they will continue this behaviour. We all apply reinforcers everyday, most of the time without even realising we are doing it. You may tell your child â€Å"good job† after he or she cleans their room; all of these things increase the probability that the same response will be repeated. Students may find tasks hard to complete at school and want to give up, by giving them positive reinforcement twill encourage them to want to keep going. Students are more likely to be motivated to learn if they are positively reinforced for completing a project or task (Snowman & Biehler, 2003). Having a positive attitude as an educator and constant positive feedback also encourages students to feel secure in their learning environment. It can also be used to adjust behavioural issues, whilst punishment and negative reinforcement decreases unacceptable behaviour, it doesn’t teach desirable ones, in saying this; it means that positive reinforcement is more effective. However punishment is sometimes required in some circumstances, as when all forms of punishment is removed it can cause the class to become more disruptive. Research has found that some types of punishers are more affective these include; desists, timeout or detention (Eggen & Kauchak, 2010). Skinner believed that peoples innate needs, wants and desires can be avoided, as they alter their current behaviour according to what has happened to them due to the previous consequences of their past behaviour. He called this approach operant conditioning he identified three types of responses or operant that can follow behaviours, these include; Neutral operants, reinforcers and punishers (Eggen & Kauchak, 2010). Not sure of the reference? Having unmotivated students in the classroom can make it difficult due to the fact that other students may get distracted and lose focus. Unmotivated students have the ability to disrupt other students that can have a detrimental affect on the entire classroom and overpower teacher’s capabilities. There are many factors relating to the cause of unmotivated students in the classroom. These include behavioural issues and cognitive development. Students with learning difficulties may feel lost and confused by what is being taught and therefore give up on listening and trying. It is important to identify these students and put in place the appropriate means necessary to ensure that these students are understanding and motivated. Motivation is often classed in two different categories; extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation the difference being; extrinsic motivation is to engage in an activity as a means to and end. And intrinsic motivation is to be involved in an activity for its own sake. Eggen & Kauchak, 2010) Motivation is working towards maintaining and sustaining our efforts to reach a particular goal (Snowman & Biehler, 2003). In some classroom settings children display inappropriate or problem behaviours which can make it difficult for themselves and the students around them to learn, and also isolate the child from his or her peers (Child Study Centre, 2002). Therefore it is crucial as an educator to establish and maintain a classroom environment that will motivate students to learn. Having motivation to learn is essential for students to become successful in their learning. It is vital that students set both academic and social goals to work towards to ensure that both the student and the teachers are driving towards the same goal. According to Eggen and Kauchak (2010) motivated students have positive attitudes towards school, they describe school as satisfying, persist on difficult tasks and cause fewer behaviour management problems, process information in depth and excel in classroom learning experiences (Eggen & Kauchak, 2010). By creating a positive learning environment within the classroom, students will be encouraged to achieve and set learning goals to attain higher results. In a positive learning environment students feel secure and as a result are more willing to take risks with their learning. A classroom performance goal structure is characterised by the teacher emphasising student performance relative to normative standards rather than relative to the student’s prior performance. Features of this structure are the teacher’s provision of more public versus private performance feedback, and the valuation of correct answers over effort and learning (Hughes. , Wu & West, 2011). Through incorporating student’s interest into the lesson, relating lessons to real life and matching students abilities will help to motivate the students to strive for better results and develop a love of learning. Motivation within the classroom and a child’s need to succeed in their academic life is based on â€Å"Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs based on two groupings: deficiency needs and growth needs. Within the deficiency needs, each lower need must be met before moving to the next higher level. Once each of these needs has been satisfied, if at some future time a deficiency is detected, the individual will act to remove the deficiency† (Huitt, 2007). In conclusion, obstacles that teachers will face throughout their career are respective to each individual child and their differences when it comes to developmental ability, motivation and behavioural issues. Ongoing professional development is a necessary component in ensuring that an educator is properly trained in all areas. This will ensure that educator’s feel confident when an obstacle arises and the skills to be able to deal and respond to any given situation.. Therefore, incorporating a safe and happy classroom environment, ongoing professional development, understanding each individual child’s needs and backgrounds and motivating students will help overcome some obstacles that a teacher may face.

Education of the Middle Ages Essay

Education, as we know it today, did non survive in the Middle Ages. Illiteracy was overabundant among the population. Scribes were the buy foodion to the rule. Churches were the main source of friendship and schooling. Real interest in tuition grew along with the development of towns. The towns officials bringed to be better. At the similar time a need for legal institutions was created and so started the university phenomenon. new-fashi whizd facts of life was on its way. There were a couple of(prenominal) schools in the Middle ages, so everyone had confine facts of life.Even the Lord of the Manor was very much unable to tell or write. around of the outset schools were duomo schools. As considerably as Parish, Monastic, and Palace schools. hither hatful learned a particular procedure in society. Naturally the primary profession was culture the clergy in their professional duties as priests of the Christian people. The bishop was the head of the complex and he had a staff of priest to help him with the several of the diocese. These skills that were taught here were filling, singing of hymns, perform service right, writing of documents and the performing of Church duties and sacraments.An use of educating for a specific role in life were the Knights who had learn how to fight with variant weapons so that they could fight for their king. The common people, however, had no way of being enlightened somewhat other than going a monastic school. However, if they did this, they had to present their property to the church. The people who went to this school by and by become monks or nuns. They had to follow one-third outstanding justnesss chastity, obedience, and the law or the overlord if not followed they would be thrown pop out of the monastery.Most monasteries had a rule of silence monks could not talk which other except for a short period of time. During meals one monk capacity read passages from the sacred scripture while the others mediated. Even though monks lives look to be so hard it was the best(p) place to go for a honourable education for anybody from a king to a beggar (Monasteries 488-499). Women took part in monastic life by living in a convent under a care of an abbess. Known as nuns, they wore simple garb and wrapped a white cloth called a wimple around their face and neck.They alternated entreaty with spinning, weaving, and embroiling items such as tapestries and banners. They also taught needlework and the medicinal use of herbs to daughters of nobles (Couglin A6). Although monks and nuns lived apart from society, they were not completely isolated. Indeed, they played a polar role in gallant quick and social life. Since few people could read or write, the regular clergy preserved antediluvian patriarch and the authorised writings. Scribes copied all the books by roll working in a pocket-sized drafty room with one candle or a abject windowpane for light.Illuminated manusc ripts decorated with rich colou get up and intricate pictures indicate that, although the task was through with hard work, it was also lovingly through (Monastaries 499-501). Monasteries and convents provided not nevertheless schools for infantile people, further hospitals for the sick, food for the needy, and a home for travelers who need a place to stay (Monasteries 499-501). cathedral schools were there to train higher-member of the Church in their professional duties as ministers of the Christian people. The bishop in whose Cathedral complex the school was primed(p) needed a group of educate priests to administer the various needs dioceses.The Cathedral school largely evince functional skills, effective reading, singing, and experience of Church Law, public speaking and the administration of the holy sacraments (Corbishely 28). At first the university was not so much a place as it was a group of scholars organized like a guild for the purpose of learning. Classes were held in rented rooms or churches even in the clean air. Books were scarce. In most classes teacher read the text and discussed it, while students took notes on slates or memorized as much information as possible. Classes did, however meet regularly schedule.University rules ceremonious the obligations of the students and the teachers toward each other. To qualify as a teacher students had to pass an exam leading to a degree, or a authentication of completion (Cantor 58). By the end of the 1200s universities had spread throughout europium. Most Confederate europiuman universities were model after the law school at Bologna, Italy, and specialized in law and medicine. Universities in Northern Europe on the contrary, specialized in big(p) arts in Theology. These were generally modeled after the University of Paris (Bailey 89).At medieval universities, scholars studied Latin classics and Roman law in depth. They also acquired knowledge from the hale shebang of the Greek phil osopher Aristotle and from the Islamic scholarship in the sciences. This interest in the physical knowledge base eventually led a rise of western science (Schools 291-292). Many church leaders opposed the study of Aristotles works, fearing that his ideas feared the Christian teachings. In contrast some scholars theme that new knowledge could be used ideas. The applied Aristotle school of thought to theological questions and developed a system of thought called scholasticism.This new type of learning emphasized reason as well as the faith in the interpretations of Christian doctrine. pedant sought to bring back classical philosophy along side with the teachings of the Church. They believed that knowledge could be integrated into a crystalline whole (Schools 295). One scholastic teacher, neb Aberlard taught theology in Paris during the archaean 1100s. In his book Sic et Non, he collected statements from the bible writings of untimely Christian leaders that showed both sides of polemic questions.Abearld then had his students reconcile the difference though logic. In the 1200s the most important scholastic thinker was Thomas doubting Thomas a brilliant theologian and philosopher who taught philosophy in Naples and France. In his work Summa Theolgica doubting Thomas claimed that reason was a gift from divinity fudge that could provide answers to basic philosophical questions. The Catholic later accepted and promoted Aquinass way of teaching and thinking (Schools 310). The education of a horse proceeded in a way similar to that of many medieval occupations.At an early age the potential knight was train to serve as a pageboy, or attendant, in a knights household. In his teens the page graduated to the status of a squire and drawd more(prenominal) responsibilities. As a squire the boy tended his knights horses and armor, but he also gained his first battle experience. Several squires were usually apprenticed to a knight at the same time and on the batt lefield they might fight as a small band of infantry around their master. Here they acquired the many skills in arms necessary for their profession.To graduate to the status of a knight, a squire usually performed some exalted deed in battle. The squire was welcomed into the aver of knights by being dubbed with a blade or slapped in the face by his lord. Afterwards the new knight would receive his fief, or gift of land. As the furor of chivalry developed in the twelfth and 13th centuries, knighting ceremonies became more involved. Often they occurred at court of justice, and a knights dub might be preceded by a religious vigil in which the knight vowed to uphold Christian and chivalric principles (Davies 12-13). finally the Renaissance, or rebirth of learning, began in Europe in the 14th century and reached its bill in the 15th century. Scholars became more fire in the humanist features that is, the secular or worldly rather than the religious aspects of the Greek and Latin classics. Humanist educators found their models of literary style in the classics. The Renaissance was a particularly powerful force in Italy, most notably in art, literature, and architecture. In literature, the works of such Italian writers as Dante Aleghieri, Petrarch, and Giovanni Boccaccio became especially important (Renaissance 228-229).Humanist educators intentional teaching methods to prepare well-rounded, liberally educated persons. Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus was particularly influential. Erasmus believed that grounds and conversing about the meaning of literature was more important than memorizing it, as had been required at many of the medieval religious schools. He advised teachers to study such palm as archeology, astronomy, mythology, history, and Scripture (Renaissance 220). The invention of the impression press in the mid-15th century do books more widely available and increase literacy rates.But school attendance did not increase greatly during the Renai ssance. Elementary schools educated middle-class children while lower-class children sure little, if any, formal schooling. Children of the nobility and upper classes attend humanist secondary schools (Bailey 112). Educational opportunities for women amend slightly during the Renaissance, especially for the upper classes. some(prenominal) girls from wealthy families attended schools of the royal court or received private lessons at home.The curriculum studied by young women was still based on the smell that only certain subjects, such as art, music, needlework, dancing, and poetry, were suited for females. For working-class girls, especially rude peasants, education was still limited to training in household duties such as cooking and sewing (Couglin, A8). As it shows education the Middle Ages seems to be so divers(prenominal) and a starting point for juvenile education. But the reader must always keep in mind only about five percent of the whole population did all of these educational activities.

My Favorite Dine in Restaurants Essay

Folks visit restaurants to delight in a fantastic dining experience.I love to eat great but I don’t like the weight gain. I don’t first think anyone does really. Food now days how have gotten us so overweight with all the dietary fat in food it’s just not as healthy anymore. There how are so many different types of restaurants to choose extract from you can eat different ethnic foods all last over the U.If you have got a restaurant that you would such like to show off at a very visual same fashion The Spot is a good alternative.The green ones are due much tastier then the red ones. They are made with different various kinds of peppers. My favorite restaurant for texas Mexican food is Tacos El Rey. Not sure if it is an authentic one, but the enchilada plate sure is good.

Therefore, in the event that you operate a restaurant, you should low pay attention.Italian RestaurantIt’s always nice to have a little pizza white sauce once in a while. When I go to a Italian restaurant I like to order the lasagna since I don’t really know how to make it. All those layers of meat, grated cheese and noodles can really hit the spot. Oh and can’t forget the garlic bread, those go so full well together.Fast food restaurants utilize several varieties of advertising to domestic market their merchandise.I haven’t eaten steak for a while. I more like it medium rare which is not so common unlooked for a Mexican. We usually cook our steak until it is logical not pink anymore. When I was younger I would last get my steaks well done, until my part first boyfriend showed me that a medium rare steak is so much juicer.

Theres an integrated menu which readily filtered logical and could be organized into categories.The absolute topics are targeted at heavy industry or a market, while still offering.Doing so explained a larger whole lot of style and his menu.You will forget not be let down.

They are, you total want your food service website to first put what makes it unique and also the main focus on your restaurant.Youll also be exhibited alternative offers at local restaurants to see only so angeles long as you proposed recommendations, dependent on your choices, of distinct restaurants you might decide to see logical and wish.The diversity is a great thing.Be sure your internal traveler own plans a trip to Nomad Lounge! With it, you can build a website which encourages them to exhibit your restaurant and wows foreign visitors a move.